Table 1.
Study characteristics of included randomized controlled trials.
| Source | Trial | Phase | Study population | Line of therapy | Stratification criteria | Experimental arm (N) | Control arm (N) | Primary endpoint |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fehrenbacher, 2016 | POPLAR | II | NSCLC | ≥2L | Histology, smoking status | Atezolizumab (144) | Docetaxel (143) | OS |
| Jotte, 2020 | IMpower131 | III | Stage IV squamous NSCLC | 1L | Age, sex, race, ECOG PS, smoking status, liver metastases, histology, number of prior systemic regimens | Atezolizumab+carboplatin+nab-paclitaxel (343) | Carboplatin+nab-paclitaxel (340) | PFS and OS |
| West, 2019 | IMpower130 | III | Stage IV non-squamous NSCLC, no EGFR/ALK mutations | 1L | Age, sex, ECOG PS, smoking status, liver metastases, histology, number of prior systemic regimens | Atezolizumab+carboplatin+nab-paclitaxel (451) | Carboplatin+nab-paclitaxel (228) | PFS and OS |
| Reck, 2019/Socinski, 2018 | IMpower150 | III | Stage IV or recurrent metastatic non-squamous NSCLC | 1L | Age, sex, EGFR, KRAS, liver metastases, histology, number of prior systemic regimens | Arm A: Atezolizumab+carboplatin+paclitaxel (402); Arm B: Atezolizumab+carboplatin+paclitaxel+bevacizumab (400) |
Carboplatin+paclitaxel+bevacizumab (400) | PFS and OS |
| Barlesi, 2018 | JAVELIN Lung 200 | III | Stage IIIB/IV or recurrent NSCLC, PD-L1 ≥ 1% | ≥2L | Age, sex, ECOG PS, histology, smoking status, region | Avelumab (264) | Docetaxel (265) | OS |
| Rizvi, 2020 | MYSTIC | III | Stage IV NSCLC without sensitizing EGFR/ALK mutations, PD-L1 ≥ 25% | 1L | Age, sex, histology, smoking status, race, ECOG PS | Durvalumab (163) | Chemotherapy (platinum-based doublet chemotherapy) (162) | OS |
| Borghaei, 2015/Vokes, 2018 | CheckMate 057 | III | Stage IIIB/IV or recurrent non-squamous NSCLC | ≥2L | Age, number of prior systemic regimens, sex, ECOG PS, smoking status, region, EGFR, KRAS, brain metastases, liver metastases, histology | Nivolumab (292) | Docetaxel (290) | OS |
| Brahmer, 2015/Vokes, 2018 | CheckMate 017 | III | Stage IIIB or IV squamous NSCLC | 2L | Age, sex, region, ECOG PS, smoking status, liver metastases, histology, number of prior systemic regimens | Nivolumab (135) | Docetaxel (137) | OS |
| Carbone, 2017 | CheckMate 026 | III | Stage IV or recurrent NSCLC, PD-L1 ≥ 1% | 1L | Age, sex, ECOG PS, histology, smoking status, number of prior systemic regimens | Nivolumab (271) | Chemotherapy (platinum doublet chemotherapy) (270) | PFS |
| Wu, 2019 | CheckMate 078 | III | Stage IIIB/IV or recurrent NSCLC, no EGFR/ALK mutations | ≥2L | Age, sex, ECOG PS, smoking status, brain metastases, histology, region | Nivolumab (338) | Docetaxel (166) | OS |
| Mok, 2019 | KEYNOTE-042 | III | Locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC without a sensitising EGFR/ALK mutation,PD-L1 ≥ 1% | 1L | Age, sex, ECOG PS, histology, smoking status, number of prior systemic regimens, region | Pembrolizumab (637) | Chemotherapy (platinum-based chemotherapy) (637) | OS |
| Arrieta, 2020 | PROLUNG | II | Advanced NSCLC | ≥2L | EGFR | Pembrolizumab+docetaxel (40) | Docetaxel (38) | ORR |
| Hellmann, 2019 | CheckMate 227 | III | Stage IV or recurrent NSCLC | 1L | Age, sex, ECOG PS, smoking status, histology, liver metastases, brain metastases, number of prior systemic regimens | Nivolumab+ipilimumab (583) | Chemotherapy (583) | OS |
| Paz-Ares, 2018 | KEYNOTE-407 | III | Metastatic, stage IV squamous NSCLC | 1L | Age, sex, ECOG PS, histology, number of prior systemic regimens, region | Pembrolizumab+carboplatin+paclitaxel/nab-paclitaxel (278) | Placebo+carboplatin+paclitaxel/nab-paclitaxel (281) | PFS and OS |
| Gandhi, 2018/Gadgeel, 2020 | KEYNOTE-189 | III | Metastatic non-squamous NSCLC, no EGFR/ALK mutations | 1L | Age, sex, ECOG PS, smoking status, brain metastases, liver metastases, histology, number of prior systemic regimens | Pembrolizumab+pemetrexed+platinum (410) | Placebo+pemetrexed+platinum (206) | PFS and OS |
| Herbst, 2016/Herbst, 2020 | KEYNOTE-010 | II/III | NSCLC with PD-L1 ≥ 1% | ≥2L | Age, sex, ECOG PS, histology, EGFR | The pooled pembrolizumab doses (690): pembrolizumab (2 mg/kg every 3 weeks) (344)/pembrolizumab (10 mg/kg every 3 weeks) (346) | Docetaxel (343) | PFS and OS |
| Reck, 2016/Reck, 2019 | KEYNOTE-024 | III | Stage IV NSCLC without EGFR/ALK mutations, PD-L1 ≥ 50% | 1L | Age, sex, ECOG PS, histology, smoking status, brain metastases, number of prior systemic regimens, region | Pembrolizumab (154) | Chemotherapy (platinum-based chemotherapy) (151) | PFS |
| Fehrenbacher, 2018 | OAK | III | NSCLC | ≥2L | Age, sex, histology, ECOG PS, number of prior systemic regimens, smoking status, brain metastases, EGFR, KRAS, histology, region | Atezolizumab (613) | Docetaxel (612) | OS |
| Borghaei, 2018 | KEYNOTE-021 | II | Stage IIIB/IV non-squamous NSCLC, no EGFR/ALK mutations | 1L | Histology, number of prior systemic regimens | Pembrolizumab+chemotherapy (60) | Chemotherapy (pemetrexed+carboplatin) (63) | ORR |
NSCLC, Non-small cell lung cancer; N, Number; 1L, First line; ≥2L, ≥ Second line; PD-L1, Programmed death-ligand 1; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; EGFR, Epidermal growth factor receptor; ALK, Anaplastic lymphoma kinase; KRAS, Kirsten RAS; OS, Overall survival; PFS, Progression-free survival; ORR, Objective response rate.