Fig. 3.

Overproduction of polyketide precursors to enhance Spinosad production. (A) Biosynthetic pathway for polyketide precursors. AcsA: acetyl-CoA synthetase. PCC: propionyl-CoA carboxylase. ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase. (B) Spinosad production in engineered strains. Each sample was performed in triplicate with error bars representing mean ± SD. (C) Fold change in acyl-CoAs in S. albus J1074, ADE, and ADE-AP. All strains were fermented for 3 days, the concentration of all acyl-CoAs was calculated according to the content per gram of cell dry weight (μg/g cdw). The concentration of S. albus J1074 was defined as “1”, and the concentration of ADE and ADE-AP was expressed as their fold change of S. albus J1074. Each sample was performed in triplicate, and the average value was used to calculate the fold change. (D) Spinosad production in ADE and ADE-AP following three-day fermentation. The samples are from the same batch of samples shown in panel C. Each sample was performed in triplicate with the error bars indicating mean ± SD.