Table 13.

Associations between DEP exposure (measured by MEP) and motor skills.

Reference; study confidence; N	Age at outcome measure	Median maternal exposures	Exposure IQR (or as specified)	Motor overall effect estimate β (95% CI)	Motor in boys β (95% CI)	Motor in girls β (95% CI)
Polanska et al. (2014); medium; 150	2 yr	19 ng/mL	336 (95th)	0.1 (−1.5, 1.8)	NR	NR
Balalian et al., 2019; medium; 209	11 yr	131 ng/mL	67–302	NR	0.5 (−0.5,1.5)	−1.2 (−2.4,−0.1)*
Téllez-Rojo et al. (2013); medium; 135	2–3 yr	138 ng/mL (GM)	NR	0.02 (−1.0, 1.0)	0.1 (−1.3,1.5)	0.3 (−1.1,1.7)
Doherty et al. (2017); medium; 258	1–3 yr	172 ng/mL	3372 (95th)	0.4 (−0.7,1.5)	0.2 (−1.3,1.6)	0.6 (−1.1,2.3)
Gascon et al. (2015); high; 367	1 yr	403 μg/g	199‒756	−1.2 (−2.8,0.6)^	−1.2 (−3.7,1.2)^	−0.2 (−3.6,1.3)^
	4 yr			0.6 (−1.0,2.1)^	2.0 (−0.4,4.4)^	0.5 (−1.8,2.7)^

One low confidence study (Kim et al., 2018) not shown in table because results were incompletely reported.

All studies used 1n-transformed exposure and βs represent 1 ln-unit increase, except for Gascon, which used log2-transformation and β represent doubling of exposure.

Results that support an adverse association are shaded. This represents one or more of the following: p < 0.05, β ≥ 0.5, or exposure-response trend across categories of exposure. NR = not reported. GM = geometric mean.

^*p < 0.05.

^{^}Upon request, author provided re-calculated results with 1n-transformed exposure and β representing a ln-unit increase, to improve comparability with other studies.