Table 6.
Associations between DIBP exposure (measured by MIBP) and cognition.
| Reference; study confidence; N | Age at outcome measure | Median exposuresa | Exposure IQR (or as specified) | Cognition overall effect estimate β (95% CI) | Cognition in boys β (95% CI) | Cognition in girls β (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Included in meta-analysis (age ≤4 yrs, cognition measured using Bayley, medium or high confidence) | ||||||
| Téllez-Rojo et al. (2013); medium; 135 | 2‒3 yr | 2 ng/mL (GM) | 0.5 (−0.9, 1.9) | 0.3 (−1.6,2.3) | −0.1 (−1.9,1.7) | |
| Doherty et al. (2017); medium; 258 | 1–3 yr | 6 ng/mL | 35 (95th) | 0.1 (−1.4,1.6) | 1.6 (−0.4,3.5) | −2.3 (−4.3,−0.2) |
| Whyatt et al. (2012); medium; 319 | 3 yr | 9 ng/mL (GM) | <LOD-374 (range) | −0.3 (−1.6, 1.1) | 0.6 (−1.4,2.6) | −1.3 (−3.2,0.5) |
| Polanska et al. (2014); medium; 150 | 2 yr | 10 ng/mL | 359 (95th) | −0.3 (−1.0, 0.4) | NR | NR |
| Gascon et al. (2015); high; 367 | 1 yr | 32 μg/g | 22‒48 | 0.9 (−1.2,3.0)b | 0.4 (−2.4,3.2)b | 1.4 (−1.5,4.2)b |
| 4 yr | 1.1 (−0.8,3.0)b | 2.7 (−0.04,5.4)b | −0.4 (−3.1,2.4)b | |||
| Not included in meta-analysis | ||||||
| Li et al. (2019), high, 253 | 5, 8 yr | 26 wk gest 4 ng/mL | 2–11 | 1.4 (−0.3,3.1) | NR | NR |
| 4 yr 11 ng/mL | 5–23 | 1.8 (0.0,3.6) | NR | NR | ||
| Factor-Litvak et al. (2014); medium; 328 (same study as Whyatt et al., 2012) | 7 yr | −2.7 (−4.2, 1.2)* | −2.9 (−5.2,−0.7)* | −2.4 (−4.5,−0.26)* | ||
| Nakiwala et al. (2018); medium; 452 | 5 yr | 39 ng/mL | 12–168 (5th-95th) | 0.05 (−0.05,0.2) | NR | NR |
Maternal exposure measured during gestation unless otherwise noted.
Upon request, author provided re-calculated results with 1n-transformed exposure and β representing a ln-unit increase, to improve comparability with other studies.
One low confidence study (Kim et al., 2018) not shown in table because results were incompletely reported.
All studies used ln-transformed exposure and βs represent 1 ln-unit increase, except for Gascon, which used log2-transformation and β represent doubling of exposure.
Results that support an adverse association are shaded. This represents one or more of the following: p < 0.05, β ≥ 0.5, or exposure-response trend across categories of exposure. NR = not reported. GM = geometric mean
p < 0.05