Table 7.
Associations between BBP exposure (measured by MBzP) and cognition.
| Reference; study confidence; N | Age at outcome measure | Median exposuresa | Exposure IQR (or as specified) | Cognition overall effect estimate β (95% CI) | Cognition in boys β (95% CI) | Cognition in girls β (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Included in meta-analysis (age ≤4 yrs, cognition measured using Bayley, medium or high confidence) | ||||||
| Polanska et al. (2014); medium; 150 | 2 yr | 0.03 ng/mL | 0.5 (95th) | −1.0 (−2.6, 0.6) | NR | NR |
| Tellez-Rojo et al. (2013); medium; 135 | 2‒3 yr | 3.5 ng/mL (GM) | 0.3 (−1.1, 1.7) | 1.3 (−0.4,3.0) | −0.7 (−2.5,1.0) | |
| Gascon et al. (2015); high; 367 | 1 yr | 12 μg/g | 7‒20 | 0.3 (−1.7,2.1)b | 0.4 (−2.1,2.8)b | 1.0 (−1.9,4.0)b |
| 4 yr | 0.5 (−1.3,2.2)b | 1.1 (−1.3,3.5)b | −0.5 (−3.1,2.1)b | |||
| Doherty et al. (2017); medium; 258 | 1–3 yr | 15 ng/mL | 124 (95th) | 0.7 (−0.5,2.0) | 1.8 (0.1,3.6) | −0.6 (−2.3,1.1) |
| Huang et al. (2015); medium; 251 | 2–3 yr | 17 μg/g (GM) | 0.2 (−3.8,3.6) | NR | NR | |
| Whyatt et al. (2012); medium; 319 | 3 yr | 19 ng/mL (GM) | <LOD‒1,110 (range) | −0.7 (−1.8, 0.3) | −0.5 (−2.2,1.3) | −1.1 (−2.5,0.3) |
| Not included in meta-analysis | ||||||
| Li et al. (2019); high; 253 | 5, 8 yr | 26 wk gest 8 ng/mL | 3–23 | −0.5 (−2.2, 1.2) | NR | NR |
| 3 yr 17 ng/mL | 5–42 | −2.5 (−4.4, −0.5)* | NR | NR | ||
| Huang et al. (2015); medium; 251 | 2, 5, 8, 11 Yr | 17 μg/g (GM) | −0.06 (−3.1, 3.0) | NR | NR | |
| Factor-Litvak et al. (2014); medium; 328 (same study as Whyatt et al., 2012) | 7 yr | −1.2 (−2.4, 0.1) | −1.5 (−3.4,0.4) | −0.8 (−2.5,0.8) | ||
| Nakiwala et al. (2018); medium; 452 | 5 yr | 19 ng/mL | 5–114 (5th-95th) | 0.02 (−0.1,0.1) | NR | NR |
a
Maternal exposure measured during gestation unless otherwise noted.
b
Upon request, author provided re-calculated results with ln-transformed exposure and f3 representing a ln-unit increase, to improve comparability with other studies