Table 4.
Longitudinal invariance tests based on the CFA Boldness, Meanness, and Disinhibition one-factor models: model fit indices and difference tests (N = 716).
| Scale | Model | Chi-square test of model fit | RMSEA | CFI | Chi-square for difference testing | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| χ2 | df | p | χ2 | df | p | |||||
| Boldness | A. Configural invariance | 5081.285 | 2954 | < .001 | .032 | .794 | ||||
| Boldness | B. Scalar invariance | 5074.196 | 3068 | < .001 | .030 | .806 | B vs. A | 153.143 | 114 | .009 |
| Boldness | C. Partial scalar invariance | 5049.228 | 3062 | < .001 | .030 | .808 | C vs. B | 133.254 | 108 | .050 |
| Meanness | A. Configural invariance | 2905.820 | 1850 | < .001 | .028 | .896 | ||||
| Meanness | B. Scalar invariance | 2925.349 | 1940 | < .001 | .027 | .903 | B vs. A | 128.611 | 90 | .005 |
| Meanness | C. Partial scalar invariance | 2896.637 | 1938 | < .001 | .026 | .905 | C vs. A | 108.933 | 88 | .065 |
| Disinhibition | A. Configural invariance | 4590.323 | 2370 | < .001 | .036 | .801 | ||||
| Disinhibition | C. Scalar invariance | 4502.431 | 2472 | < .001 | .034 | .818 | B vs. A | 133.773 | 102 | .019 |
| Disinhibition | D. Partial scalar invariance | 4487.896 | 2471 | < .001 | .034 | .819 | C vs. A | 123.245 | 101 | .066 |
Note. df = degrees of freedom. RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation. CFI = comparative fit index. All fit indices based on robust standard errors and WLSMV estimator.