Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics at baselinea
| Characteristic | NL (n = 208)b | JP (n = 153)b | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 111 (53) | 130 (85) | < 0·001* |
| Age of onset ADc | < 0·001* | ||
| 0 ≤ 2 years | 116 (56) | 65 (43) | |
| 2 ≤ 6 years | 21 (10) | 29 (19) | |
| 6 ≤ 18 years | 21 (10) | 35 (23) | |
| ≥ 18 years | 34 (16) | 23 (15) | |
| Age at start of dupilumab, median (IQR), years | 33 (24–51) | 34 (21–45) | 0·016* |
| Number of adolescents (< 18 years) | 4 (2) | 24 (16) | < 0·001* |
| Raced | < 0·001*,m | ||
| White | 163 (78) | – | |
| Black | 14 (7) | – | |
| Asian | 11 (5) | 153 (100) | |
| Other | 2 (1)n | – | |
| Fitzpatrick skin type | < 0·001*,o | ||
| I | 4 (2) | – | |
| II | 144 (69) | – | |
| III | 22 (11) | 71 (46) | |
| IV | 16 (8) | 81 (53) | |
| V | 18 (9) | 1 (1) | |
| VI | 4 (2) | – | |
| Atopic/allergic conditionsp | |||
| Asthmae | 135 (65) | 63 (41) | < 0·001* |
| Allergic (rhino)conjunctivitise | 161 (77) | 100 (65) | 0·009* |
| Allergic contact dermatitisf | 98 (47) | 1 (1) | < 0·001* |
| BMI, median (IQR)g | 24·9 (22·2–27·9) | 22·9 (20·3–26·5) | < 0·001* |
| Family history of atopic diseasesh | 150 (72) | 101 (66) | 0·381 |
| Previous use of phototherapyi | 126 (61) | 35 (23) | < 0·001* |
| Number of previous used conventional systemic immunosuppressants | < 0·001*,o | ||
| 0 | 7 (3) | 83 (54) | |
| 1 | 64 (31) | 70 (46) | |
| 2 | 98 (47) | – | |
| ≥ 3 | 39 (19) | – | |
| Previously used conventional systemic immunosuppressants | |||
| Ciclosporin Aj | 187 (90) | 70 (46) | < 0·001* |
| Methotrexatek | 77 (37) | – | < 0·001* |
| Azathioprine | 39 (19) | 3 (2) | < 0·001* |
| MPA/MMF | 78 (38) | – | < 0·001* |
| Therapy until start of dupilumab/continued after start of dupilumabl | |||
| Ciclosporin A | 61 (29)/59 (97) | 58 (37)/58 (100) | < 0·001*/< 0·001* |
| Methotrexate | 23 (11)/11 (48) | – | < 0·001*/NA |
| Azathioprine | 12 (6)/9 (75) | 1 (1)/1 (100) | 0·009*/1·0 |
| MPA/MMF | 18 (9)/17 (94) | – | < 0·001*/NA |
| Otherq | 29 (14)/28 (97) | 1 (1)/– | < 0·001*/< 0·001* |
| None | 65 (31)/NA | 93 (61)/NA |
AD, atopic dermatitis; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MPA, mycophenolic acid; NL, the Netherlands; JP, Japan
Statistical tests used: for proportions: Chi‐squared test [Expected (E) < 5; Fisher’s exact test); for distributions across JP / NL: Mann–Whitney U‐test. *P < 0·05, statistical significance. bAll values n (%), unless otherwise noted. c–lMissing values: c n = 16 (NL), n = 1 (JP); d n = 18 (NL); e n = 1 (NL); f n = 51 (NL); g n = 31 (NL); h n = 15 (NL), n = 13 (JP); i n = 52 (NL); j n = 2 (JP); k n = 1 (JP); l n = 1 (NL). mCategories combined into white and other, in order to be able to conduct statistic tests. nIndian, n = 2. oCategories combined into I + II vs. III–VI (skin type) and 0 vs. ≥ 1 (previous therapies), in order to be able to conduct statistic tests (more than two categories and several cells with < 5 counts, Fisher's exact only possible as 2 × 2). pPatient‐reported or physician‐diagnosed. qOral corticosteroids: NL, n = 27 NL, n = 1 JP; alitretinoin n = 2 NL.