Figure 4.

Dynamic embryo culture systems designed to generate flow on a preimplantation embryo. (A) The braille pin actuated microfluidic embryo culture device. Adapted from Heo et al. (2010). (B) The tilting embryo culture system. Adapted from Hara et al. (2013). (C) Schematic of the microvibration stage used to create dynamic embryo culture conditions in experiments performed by Hur et al. (2013). Adapted from Hur et al. (2013). (D) Schematic of the digitalized microfluidic device powered by electrowetting on the dielectric. Adapted from Huang et al. (2015). (E) Rotating vessel used to generate shear stresses in an embryo culture droplet. ITO, indium tin oxide. Adapted from Xie et al. (2006).