Table 4.

Multivariate analysis for persistent chronic opioid use

Variable		Odds Ratio	95% CI	P Value
Intercept		0.067	0.036–0.124	<0.001
Adjuvant therapy	Yes vs no	1.659	0.865–3.179	0.127
Preoperative morphine use	Yes vs no	2.947	1.514–5.734	0.001
Preoperative pain level	1–5 vs 0	1.827	0.882–3.783	0.105
	6–10 vs 0	2.165	0.833–5.63	0.113

CI = confidence interval.