Figure 4.

Effect of clinician–patient racial/ethnic concordance on pain-induced physiological arousal moderated by racial/ethnic discrimination. A) Patients who had previously experienced racial/ethnic discrimination had lower pain-induced physiological arousal when paired with a racial/ethnic-concordant clinician. B) Patients who reported currently worrying about racial/ethnic discrimination had lower pain-induced physiological arousal when paired with a racial/ethnic-concordant clinician. Dots and diamonds represent raw data points and means, lines represent medians, and asterisks represent the results of simple effects tests and interaction contrasts from linear mixed effects models. μS = microsiemens. ^*P < 0.05; ^†P < 0.10.