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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Rev. 2020 Jun 11;127(6):972–1021. doi: 10.1037/rev0000199

Figure 5:

Figure 5:

The PVLV model in emergent. Three Input layers to the model are at top (USTime_In, Stim_In, Context_In). Learned value (LV, Amygdala) layers are highlighted with light blue background. Primary value (PV, Ventral striatum) layers are highlighted by a light red background. Primary rewards or punishments are delivered by the two layers in box at lower left. Dopamine and associated nuclei are on the lower right, p suffix indicates positive valence: VTAp represents majority of standard RPE-coding DA neurons (including SNc), while VTAn represents small number of medial DA neurons responding with phasic bursts for aversive outcomes. PPTg layers drive phasic DA activity and LHbRMTg represents combined function of lateral habenula and RMTg.