TABLE 1.
CHB Prevalence Estimates From RE Meta‐Analyses and Number of FB With CHB Living in the USA by Country of Origin
| Country/Region | FB Living in the USA, 2018 (PUMS) | CHB Prevalence Estimate (%) | No. of FB With CHB in the USA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RE Pooled Prevalence Rate | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | Mid‐Range Prevalence | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | ||
| Asia | 14,785,266 | 5.88% | 5.34% | 6.43% | 869,787 | 789,155 | 950,279 |
| Americas | 24,410,150 | 1.12% | 0.65% | 1.60% | 274,081 | 159,137 | 389,343 |
| Oceania | 297,510 | 4.46% | 3.40% | 5.51% | 13,261 | 10,120 | 16,400 |
| Africa | 2,575,550 | 8.65% | 6.98% | 10.32% | 222,779 | 179,724 | 265,782 |
| Europe | 5,894,567 | 1.54% | 1.22% | 1.86% | 90,649 | 71,806 | 109,655 |
| All regions | 47,963,043 | 3.07% | 2.52% | 3.61% | 1,470,557 | 1,209,942 | 1,731,458 |
| Asia | 14,785,266 | 5.88% | 5.34% | 6.43% | 869,787 | 789,155 | 950,279 |
| Eastern Asia | 4,639,824 | 7.00% | 6.75% | 7.25% | 324,967 | 313,269 | 336,455 |
| Mainland China (including Hong Kong) | 2,527,241 | 8.46% | 8.30% | 8.62% | 213,805 | 209,761 | 217,848 |
| Taiwan | 404,329 | 12.93% | 12.32% | 13.53% | 52,280 | 49,813 | 54,706 |
| Korea | 1,133,728 | 4.61% | 4.16% | 5.05% | 52,265 | 47,163 | 57,253 |
| Japan | 560,538 | 1.02% | 1.01% | 1.02% | 5,717 | 5,661 | 5,717 |
| Eastern Asia, other/n.s. | 13,988 | 6.44% | 6.22% | 6.65% | 901 | 870 | 930 |
| South Eastern Asia | 4,529,616 | 8.43% | 7.51% | 9.35% | 382,021 | 340,180 | 423,623 |
| Philippines | 2,168,566 | 7.03% | 6.13% | 7.92% | 152,450 | 132,933 | 171,750 |
| Vietnam | 1,365,908 | 11.71% | 10.92% | 12.50% | 159,948 | 149,157 | 170,739 |
| Thailand | 289,335 | 6.04% | 5.51% | 6.56% | 17,476 | 15,942 | 18,980 |
| Laos | 189,131 | 9.43% | 7.80% | 11.05% | 17,835 | 14,752 | 20,899 |
| Cambodia | 144,093 | 9.00% | 6.96% | 11.04% | 12,968 | 10,029 | 15,908 |
| Indonesia | 101,501 | 4.06% | 3.39% | 4.74% | 4,121 | 3,441 | 4,811 |
| Myanmar | 145,864 | 8.46% | 6.79% | 10.14% | 12,340 | 9,904 | 14,791 |
| Malaysia | 84,316 | 3.07% | 2.47% | 3.67% | 2,589 | 2,083 | 3,094 |
| Singapore | 40,902 | 5.61% | 4.74% | 6.48% | 2,295 | 1,939 | 2,650 |
| South Central Asia | 4,264,431 | 2.84% | 2.45% | 3.24% | 121,067 | 104,354 | 138,001 |
| India | 2,670,106 | 2.50% | 2.30% | 2.69% | 66,753 | 61,412 | 71,826 |
| Iran | 397,203 | 2.34% | 1.96% | 2.73% | 9,295 | 7,785 | 10,844 |
| Pakistan | 400,978 | 3.78% | 3.28% | 4.29% | 15,157 | 13,152 | 17,202 |
| Bangladesh | 281,578 | 4.51% | 3.67% | 5.36% | 12,699 | 10,334 | 15,093 |
| Afghanistan | 119,003 | 4.06% | 3.04% | 5.08% | 4,832 | 3,618 | 6,045 |
| Uzbekistan | 74,008 | 6.34% | 4.22% | 8.46% | 4,692 | 3,123 | 6,261 |
| Nepal | 151,248 | 1.58% | 1.18% | 1.98% | 2,390 | 1,785 | 2,995 |
| Sri Lanka | 52,894 | 2.41% | −0.72% | 5.53% | 1,275 | 0 | 2,925 |
| Kazakhstan | 30,431 | 4.95%† | 3.34% | 6.56% | 1,506 | 1,016 | 1,996 |
| South Central Asia, other/n.s. | 86,982 | 2.84% | 2.45% | 3.24% | 2,469 | 2,129 | 2,815 |
| Western Asia | 1,257,218 | 2.88% | 2.09% | 3.67% | 36,191 | 26,325 | 46,147 |
| Iraq | 250,435 | 1.19% | 0.62% | 1.76% | 2,980 | 1,553 | 4,408 |
| Israel | 163,156 | 0.77% | 0.64% | 0.90% | 1,256 | 1,044 | 1,468 |
| Lebanon | 135,345 | 1.42% | 1.00% | 1.84% | 1,922 | 1,353 | 2,490 |
| Turkey | 150,341 | 4.47% | 4.08% | 4.86% | 6,720 | 6,134 | 7,307 |
| Armenia | 92,327 | 0.71% | 0.29% | 1.13% | 656 | 268 | 1,043 |
| Syria | 113,654 | 1.75% | 1.30% | 2.21% | 1,989 | 1,478 | 2,512 |
| Jordan | 87,888 | 6.36% | 3.72% | 9.00% | 5,590 | 3,269 | 7,910 |
| Saudi Arabia | 91,085 | 5.51% | 4.93% | 6.09% | 5,019 | 4,490 | 5,547 |
| Yemen | 64,556 | 10.44% | 7.88% | 13.00% | 6,740 | 5,087 | 8,392 |
| Kuwait | 39,318 | 2.66% | −0.19% | 5.52% | 1,046 | 0 | 2,170 |
| Azerbaijan | 23,015 | 3.38% | 2.71% | 4.04% | 778 | 624 | 930 |
| Georgia | 20,125 | 3.72% | 2.39% | 5.05% | 749 | 481 | 1,016 |
| Western Asia, other/n.s. | 25,973 | 2.88% | 2.09% | 3.67% | 748 | 544 | 953 |
| Asia, not specified | 94,177 | 5.88% | 5.34% | 6.43% | 5,540 | 5,027 | 6,053 |
| Americas | 24,410,150 | 1.12% | 0.65% | 1.60% | 274,081 | 159,137 | 389,343 |
| Central America | 15,275,916 | 0.45% | 0.30% | 0.61% | 68,882 | 45,163 | 92,685 |
| Mexico | 11,549,703 | 0.38% | 0.26% | 0.49% | 43,889 | 30,029 | 56,594 |
| El Salvador | 1,452,848 | 0.44% | 0.33% | 0.55% | 6,393 | 4,794 | 7,991 |
| Guatemala | 1,038,393 | 1.05% | 0.66% | 1.44% | 10,903 | 6,853 | 14,953 |
| Honduras | 663,876 | 0.51% | 0.35% | 0.68% | 3,386 | 2,324 | 4,514 |
| Nicaragua | 270,471 | 0.68% | −0.41% | 1.78% | 1,839 | 0 | 4,814 |
| Panama | 153,402 | 0.83% | 0.52% | 1.13% | 1,273 | 798 | 1,733 |
| Costa Rica | 96,525 | 0.57%† | −0.07% | 1.20% | 550 | 0 | 1,158 |
| Belize | 50,698 | 1.28% | 0.72% | 1.83% | 649 | 365 | 928 |
| Caribbean | 4,656,720 | 3.19% | 1.72% | 4.67% | 148,600 | 80,035 | 217,321 |
| Cuba | 1,372,576 | 0.90% | 0.70% | 1.10% | 12,353 | 9,608 | 15,098 |
| Dominican Republic | 1,234,737 | 5.04% | 2.84% | 7.25% | 62,231 | 35,067 | 89,518 |
| Jamaica | 776,242 | 3.94% | 0.81% | 7.07% | 30,584 | 6,288 | 54,880 |
| Haiti | 718,111 | 4.60% | 3.24% | 5.96% | 33,033 | 23,267 | 42,799 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 229,145 | 0.71% | 0.49% | 0.94% | 1,627 | 1,123 | 2,154 |
| Barbados | 58,522 | 0.41% | 0.15% | 0.67% | 240 | 88 | 392 |
| Caribbean, other/n.s. | 267,387 | 3.19% | 1.72% | 4.67% | 8,533 | 4,596 | 12,478 |
| South America | 3,479,059 | 1.41% | 0.76% | 2.05% | 48,946 | 26,566 | 71,304 |
| Colombia | 825,787 | 0.84% | 0.00% | 1.68% | 6,937 | 0 | 13,873 |
| Ecuador | 457,873 | 0.47% | 0.42% | 0.51% | 2,152 | 1,923 | 2,335 |
| Peru | 488,139 | 1.82% | 1.28% | 2.36% | 8,884 | 6,248 | 11,520 |
| Brazil | 513,965 | 1.37% | 1.23% | 1.52% | 7,041 | 6,322 | 7,812 |
| Guyana | 287,911 | 3.96%* | 2.21% | 5.70% | 11,401 | 6,363 | 16,411 |
| Argentina | 203,915 | 0.41% | 0.20% | 0.62% | 836 | 408 | 1,264 |
| Venezuela | 422,418 | 1.93% | 1.13% | 2.73% | 8,153 | 4,773 | 11,532 |
| Chile | 111,774 | 0.40%† | 0.11% | 0.69% | 447 | 123 | 771 |
| Bolivia | 85,723 | 3.03% | 0.08% | 5.98% | 2,597 | 69 | 5,126 |
| Uruguay | 50,626 | 0.38% | 0.30% | 0.46% | 192 | 152 | 233 |
| Paraguay | 20,806 | 0.78% | 0.52% | 1.05% | 162 | 108 | 218 |
| South America, other/n.s. | 10,122 | 1.41% | 0.76% | 2.05% | 142 | 77 | 207 |
| Northern America | 980,525 | 0.76% | 0.74% | 0.79% | 7,452 | 7,256 | 7,746 |
| Canada | 963,388 | 0.76% | 0.74% | 0.79% | 7,322 | 7,129 | 7,611 |
| Northern America, other/n.s. | 17,137 | 0.76% | 0.74% | 0.79% | 130 | 127 | 135 |
| Americas, not specified | 17,930 | 1.12% | 0.65% | 1.60% | 201 | 117 | 286 |
| Oceania | 297,510 | 4.46% | 3.40% | 5.51% | 13,261 | 10,120 | 16,400 |
| Australia | 107,071 | 0.37% | 0.36% | 0.38% | 396 | 385 | 407 |
| New Zealand | 36,252 | 4.11% | 4.04% | 4.18% | 1,490 | 1,465 | 1,515 |
| Fiji | 49,573 | 4.63% | 3.26% | 6.00% | 2,295 | 1,616 | 2,974 |
| Tonga | 17,636 | 12.00% | 8.04% | 15.97% | 2,116 | 1,418 | 2,816 |
| Micronesia | 32,438 | 14.28% | 10.77% | 17.79% | 4,632 | 3,494 | 5,771 |
| Samoa | 12,682 | 3.67% | 2.52% | 4.81% | 465 | 320 | 610 |
| Oceania, other/n.s. | 41,858 | 4.46% | 3.40% | 5.51% | 1,866 | 1,423 | 2,306 |
| Africa | 2,575,550 | 8.65% | 6.98% | 10.32% | 222,779 | 179,724 | 265,782 |
| Eastern Africa | 741,178 | 7.84% | 6.24% | 9.45% | 58,143 | 46,243 | 70,030 |
| Ethiopia | 295,970 | 7.44% | 6.50% | 8.38% | 22,020 | 19,238 | 24,802 |
| Kenya | 163,398 | 5.99% | 4.59% | 7.38% | 9,788 | 7,500 | 12,059 |
| Somalia | 101,011 | 10.42% | 8.05% | 12.79% | 10,525 | 8,131 | 12,919 |
| Uganda | 35,836 | 9.25% | 7.06% | 11.45% | 3,315 | 2,530 | 4,103 |
| Eritrea | 45,878 | 8.20% | 4.25% | 12.15% | 3,762 | 1,950 | 5,574 |
| Tanzania | 21,483 | 5.80% | 4.85% | 6.75% | 1,246 | 1,042 | 1,450 |
| Zimbabwe | 29,875 | 12.53% | 9.62% | 15.44% | 3,743 | 2,874 | 4,613 |
| Eastern Africa, other/n.s. | 47,727 | 7.84% | 6.24% | 9.45% | 3,744 | 2,978 | 4,509 |
| Middle Africa | 162,788 | 9.36% | 7.57% | 11.14% | 15,237 | 12,323 | 18,135 |
| Cameroon | 81,190 | 9.36% | 7.57% | 11.14% | 7,599 | 6,146 | 9,045 |
| Middle Africa, other/n.s. | 81,598 | 9.36% | 7.57% | 11.14% | 7,638 | 6,177 | 9,090 |
| Northern Africa | 433,036 | 5.52% | 4.29% | 6.74% | 23,888 | 18,595 | 29,176 |
| Egypt | 224,905 | 4.14% | 3.57% | 4.71% | 9,311 | 8,029 | 10,593 |
| Morocco | 84,690 | 1.93% | 1.44% | 2.41% | 1,635 | 1,220 | 2,041 |
| Sudan | 70,223 | 14.06% | 11.48% | 16.64% | 9,873 | 8,062 | 11,685 |
| Algeria | 23,307 | 6.09% | 0.00% | 12.19% | 1,419 | 0 | 2,841 |
| Northern Africa, other/n.s. | 29,911 | 5.52% | 4.29% | 6.74% | 1,650 | 1,284 | 2,015 |
| Southern Africa | 128,640 | 5.68% | 4.42% | 6.93% | 7,307 | 5,686 | 8,915 |
| South Africa | 108,660 | 5.68% | 4.42% | 6.93% | 6,172 | 4,803 | 7,530 |
| Southern Africa, other/n.s. | 19,980 | 5.68% | 4.42% | 6.93% | 1,135 | 883 | 1,385 |
| Western Africa | 960,077 | 10.96% | 9.00% | 12.92% | 105,244 | 86,422 | 124,065 |
| Nigeria | 397,555 | 10.24% | 9.27% | 11.21% | 40,710 | 36,853 | 44,566 |
| Ghana | 205,277 | 9.82% | 7.91% | 11.73% | 20,158 | 16,237 | 24,079 |
| Liberia | 90,793 | 16.54% | 11.55% | 21.53% | 15,017 | 10,487 | 19,548 |
| Cape Verde | 38,435 | 5.65% | 0.16% | 11.14% | 2,172 | 61 | 4,282 |
| Sierra Leone | 54,671 | 12.51% | 10.64% | 14.38% | 6,839 | 5,817 | 7,862 |
| Senegal | 32,863 | 12.38% | 10.41% | 14.35% | 4,068 | 3,421 | 4,716 |
| Guinea | 22,337 | 14.90% | 13.03% | 16.77% | 3,328 | 2,911 | 3,746 |
| Western Africa, other/n.s. | 118,146 | 10.96% | 9.00% | 12.92% | 12,951 | 10,635 | 15,267 |
| Africa, not specified | 149,831 | 8.65% | 6.98% | 10.32% | 12,960 | 10,455 | 15,462 |
| Europe | 5,894,567 | 1.54% | 1.22% | 1.86% | 90,649 | 71,806 | 109,655 |
| Eastern Europe | 2,166,197 | 3.05% | 2.25% | 3.85% | 66,105 | 48,698 | 83,432 |
| Poland | 415,200 | 1.33% | 0.97% | 1.68% | 5,522 | 4,027 | 6,975 |
| Russia | 396,680 | 2.73% | 2.28% | 3.18% | 10,829 | 9,044 | 12,614 |
| Ukraine | 343,192 | 1.68% | 0.55% | 2.80% | 5,766 | 1,888 | 9,609 |
| Romania | 170,493 | 6.41% | 5.90% | 6.91% | 10,929 | 10,059 | 11,781 |
| Yugoslavia | 36,223 | 3.98% | 1.32% | 6.64% | 1,442 | 478 | 2,405 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 111,510 | 1.51% | 0.73% | 2.30% | 1,684 | 814 | 2,565 |
| Hungary | 72,307 | 1.07% | 0.03% | 2.12% | 774 | 22 | 1,533 |
| Albania | 95,436 | 10.89% | 9.78% | 11.99% | 10,393 | 9,334 | 11,443 |
| Czech Republic and Slovakia | 65,787 | 1.43% | 0.97% | 1.90% | 941 | 638 | 1,250 |
| Belarus | 74,057 | 2.97% | 1.68% | 4.27% | 2,199 | 1,244 | 3,162 |
| Bulgaria | 80,429 | 4.14% | 2.81% | 5.47% | 3,330 | 2,260 | 4,399 |
| Moldova | 47,170 | 9.75% | 7.55% | 11.96% | 4,599 | 3,561 | 5,642 |
| Croatia | 38,807 | 1.34% | 0.76% | 1.92% | 520 | 295 | 745 |
| Former USSR | 70,258 | 3.83% | 2.74% | 4.91% | 2,691 | 1,925 | 3,450 |
| Lithuania | 33,237 | 2.03% | 1.37% | 2.69% | 675 | 455 | 894 |
| Latvia | 24,665 | 1.39% | 1.10% | 1.67% | 343 | 271 | 412 |
| Macedonia | 25,940 | 5.75%* | 3.56% | 7.93% | 1,492 | 923 | 2,057 |
| Eastern Europe, other/n.s. | 64,806 | 3.05% | 2.25% | 3.85% | 1,978 | 1,458 | 2,495 |
| Southern Europe | 878,517 | 1.56% | 1.49% | 1.64% | 13,738 | 13,119 | 14,439 |
| Italy | 394,857 | 2.52% | 2.49% | 2.54% | 9,950 | 9,832 | 10,029 |
| Portugal | 183,628 | 1.02% | 0.78% | 1.31% | 1,873 | 1,432 | 2,406 |
| Greece | 141,937 | 0.97% | 0.95% | 1.00% | 1,377 | 1,348 | 1,419 |
| Spain | 158,095 | 0.34% | 0.32% | 0.37% | 538 | 506 | 585 |
| Northern/Western Europe | 2,816,583 | 0.37% | 0.34% | 0.40% | 10,295 | 9,584 | 11,165 |
| UK | 882,828 | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 88 | 88 | 88 |
| Germany | 1,149,413 | 0.70% | 0.65% | 0.76% | 8,046 | 7,471 | 8,736 |
| France | 253,868 | 0.26% | 0.25% | 0.27% | 660 | 635 | 685 |
| Ireland | 141,434 | 0.03% | 0.01% | 0.07% | 42 | 14 | 99 |
| Netherlands | 104,658 | 0.40% | 0.39% | 0.41% | 419 | 408 | 429 |
| No./West Europe, other/n.s. | 284,382 | 0.37% | 0.34% | 0.40% | 1,039 | 968 | 1,127 |
| Europe, not specified | 33,270 | 1.54% | 1.22% | 1.86% | 512 | 405 | 619 |
Rate shown for subregion or region and for “other/n.s.” is the weighted average for subregion or region.
Rates have been rounded to two decimal places.
Northern America = FB from Canada and Bermuda living in the USA.
For Northern America, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and Northern and Western Europe, which have low CHB rates and relatively modest numbers of emigrants to the USA, rates from a few large population studies were used instead of rates from a systematic review and meta‐analysis.
*
Only one study available; rates are as reported with 95% CIs from standard error.
†
RE rate cannot be calculated because tau2 <0; FE rate is shown.
Abbreviations: n.s., not specified; USSR, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.