TABLE 2.

Spearman's correlation coefficient between under 5 mortality sex ratio residuals and explanatory variables

Group	Development and gender indices	Na	rho (95% CI)
Economics	Gross domestic product (GDP), per capita	80	0.05 (−0.17, 0.27)
	Gross domestic product, annual growth	79	0.09 (−0.14, 0.30)
	Health expenditure (% of GDP)	77	−0.02 (−0.24, 0.21)
Employment	Labour force in industry	78	0.14 (−0.08, 0.35)
	Labour force in services	78	0.11 (−0.12, 0.32)
Education	Adult literacy rate	74	0.12 (−0.11, 0.34)
	Primary education (difference between boys and girls)	75	−0.02 (−0.25, 0.21)
	Female secondary enrolment	72	0.04 (−0.19, 0.27)
	Female mean years of schooling (% of male)	74	0.17 (−0.06, 0.38)
Demographics	Life expectancy	80	−0.05 (−0.27, 0.17)
	Female average age at first marriage	53	0.26 (−0.01, 0.50)
	Total fertility rate	80	−0.01 (−0.23, 0.21)
	Human Development Index	77	0.04 (−0.19, 0.26)
Religion	Christian	79	−0.07 (−0.29, 0.15)
	Muslim	79	−0.01 (−0.23, 0.21)
Gender	Gender Development Index	73	0.04 (−0.19, 0.27)
	Gender Inequality Index	67	−0.13 (−0.36, 0.12)
	Social Institutions and Gender Index	67	0.07 (−0.17, 0.31)
	Women, Peace and Security index	70	0.07 (−0.16, 0.30)
Child health (male‐to‐female sex ratios)	Postnatal care for babies	56	0.01 (−0.25, 0.27)
	Full immunization coverage	76	0.11 (−0.12, 0.32)
	Care‐seeking for common illnesses	71	−0.24 (−0.45, −0.01)

Negative values for residuals indicate more likelihood of gender bias against girls.

^a Sample sizes vary according to data availability.