Table 2.
Participant characteristics consist of anthropometric measurements, and body composition, blood parameters across the quartiles of the MIND diet
| Variables | Q1(n = 97) | Q2 (n = 98) | Q3 (n = 98) | Q4 (n = 98) | P-value | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | ||||||
| Age (year) | 35.52 ± 8.69 | 37.49 ± 9.72 | 36.88 ± 9.71 | 36.88 ± 8.67 | 0.49 | 0.48 |
| Weight (kg) | 80.82 ± 12.21 | 80.43 ± 13.49 | 81.01 ± 12.01 | 82.40 ± 11.31 | 0.69 | 0.27 |
| Height (cm) | 161.04 ± 5.46 | 161.26 ± 5.96 | 161.20 ± 6.00 | 161.08 ± 6.17 | 0.99 | 0.63 |
| IPAC (MET-minutes/week) | 1007.75 ± 1754.61 | 785.62 ± 588.73 | 1339.00 ± 2699.21 | 1541.56 ± 2468.50 | 0.16 | 0.06 |
| Body composition | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.29 ± 4.49 | 30.87 ± 4.64 | 31.22 ± 4.28 | 31.68 ± 3.77 | 0.62 | 0.35 |
| SMM (kg) | 25.19 ± 2.99 | 25.44 ± 3.54 | 25.51 ± 3.60 | 26.02 ± 3.49 | 0.38 | 0.06 |
| FFM (kg) | 45.99 ± 5.01 | 46.19 ± 5.74 | 46.57 ± 6.03 | 47.23 ± 5.83 | 0.44 | 0.03 |
| BFM (%) | 35.13 ± 9.15 | 34.15 ± 9.82 | 34.54 ± 8.55 | 35.09 ± 7.37 | 0.83 | 0.87 |
| WHR (%) | 1.87 ± 9.24 | 0.93 ± 0.04 | 0.94 ± 0.05 | 0.93 ± 0.05 | 0.39 | 0.55 |
| WC (cm) | 99.43 ± 9.87 | 98.63 ± 10.54 | 99.80 ± 10.55 | 100.48 ± 9.33 | 0.63 | 0.27 |
| PBF (%) | 42.66 ± 5.65 | 42.04 ± 5.54 | 42.16 ± 5.51 | 42.03 ± 5.36 | 0.83 | 0.30 |
| Blood pressure | ||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 108.97 ± 17.22 | 112.77 ± 13.26 | 112.62 ± 14.61 | 111.07 ± 14.39 | 0.41 | 0.96 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.37 ± 12.63 | 79.75 ± 9.37 | 77.75 ± 9.74 | 76.39 ± 9.62 | 0.17 | 0.35 |
| Biochemical assessment | ||||||
| FBS (mg/dl) | 86.30 ± 9.75 | 87.23 ± 9.08 | 88.20 ± 11.09 | 87.97 ± 8.76 | 0.72 | 0.77 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 124.33 ± 57.90 | 118.65 ± 65.13 | 121.53 ± 58.80 | 93.19 ± 50.9 | 0.13 | 0.45 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 45.03 ± 9.16 | 48.43 ± 10.65 | 45.45 ± 9.77 | 47.83 ± 12.66 | 0.22 | 0.38 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 90.67 ± 22.52 | 97.45 ± 24.92 | 94.53 ± 24.12 | 96.54 ± 24.82 | 0.46 | 0.49 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.33 ± 1.30 | 3.44 ± 1.35 | 3.38 ± 1.28 | 2.91 ± 0.89 | 0.34 | 0.92 |
| Insulin (mIU/ml) | 1.24 ± 0.22 | 1.18 ± 0.24 | 1.20 ± 0.24 | 1.22 ± 0.20 | 0.50 | 0.76 |
| hs.CRP (mg/l) | 4.59 ± 5.10 | 4.16 ± 4.51 | 3.92 ± 4.06 | 4.56 ± 4.93 | 0.84 | 0.61 |
| ALT (mg/dl) | 17.67 ± 7.10 | 17.30 ± 7.52 | 17.51 ± 7.47 | 18.60 ± 7.39 | 0.73 | 0.36 |
| AST (mg/dl) | 19.63 ± 13.36 | 17.43 ± 11.80 | 19.65 ± 14.16 | 19.81 ± 12.76 | 0.70 | 0.81 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 178.55 ± 38.37 | 190.16 ± 33.45 | 181.55 ± 37.48 | 188.63 ± 35.59 | 0.24 | 0.57 |
| MIND-score quartile | ||||||
| AA% | 28.7% | 23.8% | 28.7% | 18.8% | 0.67 | 0.45 |
| AG% | 15.9% | 28.0% | 25.6% | 30.5% | ||
| GG% | 26.8% | 24.7% | 22.6% | 25.8% | ||
| Dyslipidemia | ||||||
| Without | 85 (87.6%) | 73 (74.5%) | 71 (72.4%) | 60 (61.2%) | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| With | 12 (12.4%) | 25 (25.5%) | 27 (27.6%) | 38 (38.8%) | ||
| HDL (mg/dl) | ||||||
| < 50 | 63 (64.9%) | 61 (62.2%) | 58 (59.2%) | 51 (52.0%) | 0.06 | 0.74 |
| ≥ 50 | 34 (21.5%) | 37 (23.4%) | 40 (25.3%) | 47 (29.7%) | ||
| TG (mg/dl) | ||||||
| < 150 | 66 (68.0%) | 50 (51.0%) | 47 (48.0%) | 24 (24.5%) | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| ≥ 150 | 31 (32.0% | 48 (49.0%) | 51 (52.0%) | 74 (75.5%) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | 28 (25.9%) | 26 (24.1%) | 28 (25.9%) | 26 (25.9%) | 0.59 | 0.90 |
| Married | 68 (24.2%) | 71 (25.3%) | 70 (24.9%) | 72 (25.6%) | ||
| Educational level | ||||||
| Illiterate | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (50.0%) | 2 (50.0%) | 0.61 | 0.27 |
| Underdiploma | 9 (18.4%) | 14 (28.6%) | 14 (28.6%) | 12 (24.5%) | ||
| College education | 87 (25.9%) | 83 (24.7%) | 82 (24.4%) | 84 (25.0%) | ||
| Economic status | ||||||
| Low | 9 (22.5%) | 9 (22.5%) | 10 (25.0%) | 12 (30.0%) | 0.47 | 0.91 |
| Moderate | 42 (25.3%) | 51 (30.7%) | 36 (21.7%) | 37 (22.3%) | ||
| Good | 40 (26.3%) | 31 (20.4%) | 41 (27.0%) | 40 (26.3%) | ||
| Excellent | 4 (21.1%) | 4 (21.1%) | 7 (36.8%) | 4 (21.1%) | ||
Bold values of table are significantly different from zero at P < 0.005
Quantitative variables were reported with mean and SD and qualitative variables with number and percentage values were calculated by ANOVA as mean ± SD
Variables are presented by mean ± SD for continuous variables and frequency for categorical variables
MD: metabolic dyslipidemia: TG > 150 and HDL < 40
BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHR, waist-to-hip ratio, FFM fat-free mass, HDL high-density lipoprotein, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C reactive protein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, BMR basal metabolic rate, TG triacylglycerol, TC total cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase, IPAC international physical activity questionnaire, PBF percent body fat, BFM body fat mass, SMM skeletal muscle mass
P values resulted from the analysis of one-way ANOVA for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. Tukey test was performed to compare each genotype with other types for continuous variables
*P-value is found by ANCOVA and adjusted for age, BMI, physical activity, and total energy intake