Elliott 1994.
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT 2‐arm parallel group design | |
| Participants | Adults with unstable angina pectoris or acute MI
Total N randomized: unclear N randomized to music group: unclear N randomized to control group: unclear N randomized to muscle relaxation group: unclear (not included in this review) N analyzed in music group:19 N analyzed in control group:19 N analyzed in muscle relaxation group: 18 (not included in this review) Mean age: 60.6 years Sex: 16 (29%) women, 40 (71%) men for total sample (including muscle relaxation group) Ethnicity: all participants were Australian but no further information is provided Setting: Inpatient Country: Australia |
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| Interventions | Two study groups: 1. Music group: listening to researcher‐selected music via earphones 2. Control group: standard care. Music provided: light classical music relaxation tape designed by Bonny. Number of sessions: 2 or 3 Length of session: 30 min. Categorized as music medicine |
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| Outcomes | Anxiety (STAI): posttest Anxiety (LAAS): posttest Depression (HADS D‐subscale): posttestHR, SBP, DBP: not used in this review because for many participants measurements were only taken 2 ‐ 3 hrs after the intervention. | |
| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Table of random numbers (personal communication with author) |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Serially numbered opaque envelopes (personal communication with author) |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Blinding of participants was not possible. Personnel were not blinded |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Subjective outcomes | High risk | Self report measures were used for subjective outcomes |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Objective outcomes | High risk | Outcome assessors were not blinded |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Not reported |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Not sufficient information available to make judgment |
| Other bias | Low risk | Supported in part by a Cumberland College Research Grant |