Jafari 2012.
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT 2‐arm parallel group design |
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| Participants | Adults who had undergone first‐time CABG and valvular surgery Total N randomized: 60 N randomized to music group: 30 N randomized to control group: 30 N analyzed in music group: 30 N analyzed in control group: 30 Mean age: 57.83 (SD 10.62) years Sex: 30 (50%) women, 30 (50%) men Ethnicity: not reported Setting: Inpatient Country: Iran |
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| Interventions | Two study groups: 1. Music group: participants listened to one pre‐recorded selection of music 2. Control group: participants were provided headphones with no music Music provided: participants selected their music after listening to one‐minute previews of each music option. Relaxation music pieces were selected with consideration for the cultural conditions of the society and the type of recommended music in the literature, i.e. with a tempo of 60 ‐ 80 beats (or even less) per minute Number of sessions: 1 Length of sessions: 30 minutes Categorized as music medicine |
|
| Outcomes | Pain (0 ‐ 10 NRS): immediately postintervention (used in this review), 30 min after intervention, 1 hr after intervention | |
| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Drawing of lots (personal communication with author) |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Drawing of lots concealed allocation |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Blinding of participants was not possible. Personnel were blinded |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Subjective outcomes | High risk | Self reports were used for subjective outcomes |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Objective outcomes | Low risk | This study did not address objective outcomes |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Attrition rate: 0 (0%) Quote: "All randomized patients were included in the analysis and there were no drop outs" (p.3) |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Not sufficient information available to make judgment |
| Other bias | Low risk | Funding for this study was provided by the Research Deputy and Student Research Committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences |