Sendelbach 2006.
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT 2‐arm parallel group design | |
| Participants | Adults following non‐emergent CAB and/or valve replacement surgery
Total N randomized: not reported N randomized to music group: unclear N randomized to control group: unclear N analyzed in music group: 50 N analyzed in control group: 36 Mean age: 63.5 years Sex: 26 (30%) women, 60 (70%) men Ethnicity: not reported Setting: inpatient Country: USA |
|
| Interventions | Two study groups: 1. Music group: listening to self‐selected sedative music through earphones 2. Control group: standard care Music selections provided: (a) easy listening, (b) classical, (c) jazz Number of sessions: 2 sessions/day for POD 1 through 3 Length of session: 20 mins Categorized as music medicine |
|
| Outcomes | Anxiety (STAI): 6 measurement points. Due to high number of missing values, only posttests POD1 am, POD1 pm and POD2 am were used in research report HR and SBP: 6 measurement points. Due to high number of missing values, only posttest POD1 am, POD1 pm and POD2 am were used in research report Pain (NRS): 6 measurement points. Due to high number of missing values, only posttests POD1 am, POD1 pm and POD2 am were used in research report | |
| Notes | N is highly variable due to high number of missing data | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Flip of coin |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Flip of coin prevented prior knowledge of randomization sequence |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Blinding of participants was not possible. Personnel were not blinded. |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Subjective outcomes | High risk | Self report measures were used for subjective outcomes |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Objective outcomes | High risk | Outcome assessors were not blinded |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Not reported |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Not sufficient information available to make judgment |
| Other bias | Low risk | Supported by a grant from the Allina Foundation Nursing Research Trust Fund. |