Table 1.
Weighted baseline characteristics of the study population, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2014 (N = 30,378)a
| Characteristic | No Mushroom Intake (n = 29,033) | Mushroom Intake (n = 1345) | P value‡ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SE, years | 45.8 ± 0.3 | 47.1 ± 0.7 | 0.07 |
| Gender % | 0.0004 | ||
| Men | 13,943 (47.8) | 551 (41.4) | |
| Women | 15,090 (52.2) | 794 (58.6) | |
| Race-Ethnicity % | < 0.0001 | ||
| Mexican American | 5036 (8.9) | 160 (5.0) | |
| Other Hispanic | 2332 (4.9) | 56 (1.8) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 13,109 (67.9) | 857 (81.3) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 6389 (12.0) | 148 (5.4) | |
| Other Race | 2167 (6.4) | 124 (6.5) | |
| Education status % | < 0.0001 | ||
| Non college degree | 15,063 (42.3) | 472 (30.6) | |
| College degree or above | 13,970 (57.7) | 873 (69.4) | |
| Marital status % | 0.002 | ||
| Married | 16,788 (61.6) | 872 (68.1) | |
| Not married | 12,245 (38.4) | 473 (31.9) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) % | 0.007 | ||
| < 24.9 | 8983 (32.3) | 462 (37.3) | |
| 25.0-29.9 | 9621 (33.0) | 434 (31.9) | |
| ≥ 30.0 | 10,429 (34.7) | 449 (30.8) | |
| Smoking status % | 0.72 | ||
| Never smoker | 15,943 (54.4) | 719 (53.6) | |
| Ever smoker | 13,090 (45.6) | 626 (46.4) | |
| Physical activity MET-min/week | 0.37 | ||
| Somewhat active | 6849 (22.5) | 306 (21.7) | |
| Active | 4562 (15.4) | 243 (17.5) | |
| Very active | 17,622 (62.1) | 796 (60.8) | |
| Alcohol intake, (g/d) | 8.9 ± 0.2 | 9.5 ± 0.7 | 0.38 |
| Carbohydrate intake (g)/1000 kcal/d) | 122.7 ± 0.3 | 117.9 ± 0.8 | < 0.0001 |
| Fiber intake (g)/1000 kcal/d | 8.1 ± 0.1 | 8.8 ± 0.1 | < 0.0001 |
| Energy intake, kcal/d | 2054 ± 7.5 | 2109 ± 26.0 | 0.04 |
| Healthy Eating Index-2010 | 52.1 ± 0.2 | 55.8 ± 0.5 | < 0.0001 |
Data are means ± SE unless indicated otherwise
SE Standard Error
‡For categorical variables, P-value was calculated by the Rao-Scott χ2 test, which is a design adjusted version of the Pearson χ2 test. For continuous variables, a t-test was used to calculate P-value
aAll Ns are unweighted, and all proportions and means (SE) are survey-weighted for complex survey design to be nationally representative estimates. The focus should be on the survey-weighted proportions and means (SE) because they are representative of the US adult population