TABLE 1.

Associations between zinc and Hb concentrations in PSC and nonpregnant WRA, BRINDA project¹

	PSC			WRA
Country	n	β  zinc (95% CI)	P value	n	β  zinc (95% CI)	P value
Afghanistan	600	−0.03 (−0.26, 0.20)	0.79	953	0.02 (−0.09, 0.13)	0.66
Azerbaijan	1015	0.03 (−0.05, 0.11)	0.41
Bangladesh	298	0.23 (−0.01, 0.47)	0.06	719	0.14 (0.06, 0.23)	<0.001
Burkina Faso	118	0.23 (0.04, 0.43)	0.02	125	0.20 (−0.05, 0.45)	0.12
Cambodia	327	0.09 (−0.05, 0.23)	0.22	427	−0.02 (−0.14, 0.10)	0.75
Cameroon	729	0.25 (0.09, 0.42	0.003	736	0.14 (−0.01, 0.28)	0.06
Colombia	3569	0.02 (−0.01, 0.05)	0.18
Ecuador	2017	0.14 (0.08, 0.20)	<0.001	7267	0.24 (0.19, 0.30)	<0.001
India				323	0.06 (−0.07, 0.18)	0.37
Malawi	1063	0.11 (0.04, 0.18)	0.001	751	0.21 (0.12, 0.31)	<0.001
Mexico	1163	0.04 (0.00, 0.09)	0.035	1679	−0.05 (−0.13, 0.03)	0.26
Mongolia	227	0.47 (0.47, 0.47)	<0.001
Pakistan	7158	−0.01 (−0.04, 0.02)	0.56	7129	0.01 (−0.02, 0.04)	0.44
United Kingdom				838	0.10 (0.03, 0.16)	0.003
Vietnam	374	0.14 (0.04, 0.24)	0.01	1478	0.10 (0.05, 0.16)	<0.001

¹Zinc concentrations in preschool children were adjusted for inflammation in the following countries: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Ecuador, India, Malawi, and Vietnam. Zinc concentrations were not adjusted for inflammation in WRA. Hb concentrations were adjusted for altitude and smoking, where those data were available (altitude data were available in Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Colombia, Ecuador, United Kingdom, Malawi, and Mexico; smoking data were available in Colombia, Ecuador, and Mexico). Zinc and Hb concentrations and age were centered around zero and reduced to an SD = 1 for each country separately. BRINDA, Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia; Hb, hemoglobin; PSC, preschool children; WRA, women of reproductive age.