TABLE 2.
Associations between zinc and Hb concentrations in PSC with ferritin concentrations added to the model, BRINDA project1
| Country | n | Zinc concentrations, βzinc (95% CI) | P value | Ferritin concentrations, βfer (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 600 | −0.04 (−0.24, 0.17) | 0.73 | 0.12 (0.05, 0.19) | <0.001 |
| Azerbaijan | 1015 | 0.04 (−0.04, 0.12) | 0.31 | 0.20 (0.13, 0.27) | <0.001 |
| Bangladesh | 297 | 0.22 (0.00, 0.45) | 0.05 | 0.21 (0.08, 0.34) | 0.002 |
| Burkina Faso | 118 | 0.22 (0.03, 0.42) | 0.02 | 0.16 (−0.05, 0.37) | 0.14 |
| Cambodia | 327 | 0.06 (−0,07, 0,19) | 0.37 | 0.20 (0.05, 0.35) | 0.008 |
| Cameroon | 729 | 0.24 (0.07, 0.40) | 0.005 | 0.18 (0.09, 0.27) | <0.001 |
| Colombia | 3569 | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.05) | 0.18 | 0.02 (−0.04, 0.09) | 0.49 |
| Ecuador | 2017 | 0.13 (0.08, 0.18) | <0.001 | 0.20 (0.13, 0.27) | <0.001 |
| Malawi | 1063 | 0.10 (0.04, 0.17) | 0.002 | −0.06 (−0.16, 0.03) | 0.21 |
| Mexico | 1162 | 0.03 (−0.01, 0.08) | 0.09 | 0.10 (0.04, 0.17) | 0.002 |
| Mongolia | 227 | 0.38 (0.13, 0.64) | 0.003 | 0.22 (0.12, 0.32) | <0.001 |
| Pakistan | 6833 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.02) | 0.65 | 0.19 (0.16, 0.22) | <0.001 |
| Vietnam | 374 | 0.14 (0.05, 0.24) | 0.004 | 0.07 (−0.01, 0.14) | 0.07 |
Ferritin and zinc concentrations were corrected for inflammation according to the method developed by BRINDA. Zinc concentrations in preschool children were adjusted for inflammation in the following countries: Afghanistan, Azerbaidjan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Ecuador, India, Malawi, and Vietnam. Age, sex, and country were included in the model as covariates. Hb was adjusted for altitude where those data were available (Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Colombia, Ecuador, United Kingdom, Malawi, and Mexico). Zinc, ferritin and Hb concentrations were centered around zero and reduced to an SD = 1. BRINDA, Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia; Hb, hemoglobin; PSC, preschool children.