TABLE 3.
Associations between zinc and Hb concentrations in nonpregnant WRA with ferritin concentrations added to the model, BRINDA project1
| Country | n | Zinc concentrations, βzinc (95% CI) | P value | Ferritin concentrations,βfer (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 953 | 0.02 (−0.09, 0.12) | 0.71 | 0.24 (0.15, 0.32) | <0.001 |
| Bangladesh | 707 | 0.14 (0.05, 0.22) | 0.001 | 0.17 (0.05, 0.28) | 0.004 |
| Burkina Faso | 125 | 0.20 (−0.05, 0.44) | 0.11 | −0.03 (−0.21, 0.15) | 0.74 |
| Cambodia | 427 | −0.01 (−0.13, 0.10) | 0.82 | 0.19 (−0.10, 0.49) | 0.20 |
| Cameroon | 736 | 0.11 (−0.02, 0.24) | 0.08 | 0.62 (0.48, 0.75) | <0.001 |
| Ecuador | 7266 | 0.18 (0.14, 0.21) | <0.001 | 0.44 (0.41, 0.48) | <0.001 |
| India | 321 | −0.05 (−0.15, 0.06) | 0.38 | 0.47 (0.34, 0.60) | <0.001 |
| Malawi | 751 | 0.19 (0.10, 0.28) | <0.001 | 0.34 (0.24, 0.44) | <0.001 |
| Mexico | 1674 | −0.04 (−0.12, 0.04) | 0.31 | 0.34 (0.25, 0.42) | <0.001 |
| Pakistan | 6980 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.04) | 0.30 | 0.29 (0.26, 0.33) | <0.001 |
| United Kingdom | 836 | 0.09 (0.03, 0.15) | 0.003 | 0.24 (0.18, 0.30) | <0.001 |
| Vietnam | 1478 | 0.09 (0.04, 0.15) | <0.001 | 0.24 (0.19, 0.28) | <0.001 |
Ferritin and zinc concentrations were corrected for inflammation according to the method developed by BRINDA. Zinc concentrations in preschool children were adjusted for inflammation in the following countries: Afghanistan, Azerbaidjan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Ecuador, India, Malawi, and Vietnam. Hb was adjusted for altitude and smoking, where those data were available (Altitude data were available in Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Colombia, Ecuador, United Kingdom, Malawi, and Mexico; smoking data were available in Colombia, Ecuador, and Mexico). Models controlled for age and country. Zinc, ferritin and Hb concentrations and age were centered around zero and reduced to an SD = 1. BRINDA, Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia; Hb, hemoglobin; WRA, women of reproductive age.