TABLE 4.
aPRs for anemia in PSC with zinc deficiency or deficient iron stores, BRINDA project1
| Country | n | Zinc deficiency, aPR (95%CI) | P value | Deficient iron stores, aPR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 600 | 1.33 (1.01, 1.75) | 0.045 | 1.44 (1.07, 1.95) | 0.022 |
| Azerbaidjan | 1015 | 1.09 (0.74, 1.59) | 0.66 | 2.07 (1.56, 2.75) | <0.001 |
| Bangladesh | 297 | 0.99 (0.65, 1.53) | 0.98 | 1.77 (1.03, 3.04) | 0.042 |
| Burkina Faso | 118 | 1.19 (0.99, 1.42) | 0.15 | 1.19 (0.92, 1.54) | 0.28 |
| Cambodia | 327 | 1.44 (1.09, 1.90) | 0.012 | 1.37 (1.08, 1.73) | 0.013 |
| Cameroon | 729 | 1.25 (1.10, 1.42) | 0.001 | 1.36 (1.17, 1.58) | 0.000 |
| Colombia | 3569 | 0.97 (0.78, 1.20) | 0.78 | 1.24 (0.96, 1.61) | 0.10 |
| Ecuador | 2017 | 1.32 (1.07, 1.61) | 0.010 | 1.44 (1.13, 1.84) | 0.004 |
| Malawi | 1063 | 1.16 (0.98, 1.38) | 0.09 | 1.19 (0.96, 1.47) | 0.11 |
| Mexico | 1162 | 1.09 (0.77, 1.55) | 0.62 | 1.36 (1.01, 1.85) | 0.045 |
| Mongolia | 227 | 1.75 (0.80, 4.59) | <0.001 | 2.47 (1.39, 4.57) | <0.001 |
| Pakistan | 6833 | 0.99 (0.95, 1.03) | 0.70 | 1.43 (1.36, 1.49) | <0.001 |
| Vietnam | 374 | 0.94 (0.44, 2.00) | 0.87 | 2.10 (1.05, 4.20) | 0.039 |
All models were controlled for age, sex, and country. Zinc deficiency was defined as <65 μg/dL (morning sample) or <57 μg/dL (afternoon sample). Deficient iron stores was defined as inflammation-adjusted ferritin concentrations <12 μg/L. Ferritin and zinc concentrations were corrected for inflammation according to the method developed by BRINDA [Namaste et al. (13)]. Zinc concentrations in preschool children were adjusted for inflammation in the following countries: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Ecuador, India, Malawi, and Vietnam. aPR, adjusted prevalence ratio; BRINDA, Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia; PSC, preschool children.