Table 1.
Variable | Description | Min | Mean | Median | Max | Standard deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inputs | ||||||
Physicians | Total number of physicians per thousand inhabitantsa | 0.0140 | 1.9042 | 1.6090 | 7.1201 | 1.6125 |
Nurses | Total number of nurses, midwives and other associated personnel per thousand inhabitantsa | 0.0737 | 4.5672 | 2.9460 | 19.4614 | 4.3775 |
Hospital beds | Beds available in public and private hospitals per thousand inhabitantsa | 0.1000 | 2.8419 | 2.2000 | 13.4000 | 2.3871 |
Health expenditure | Level of current health expenditure expressed as a percentage of GDPa | 1.1812 | 6.5678 | 6.4294 | 17.0613 | 2.5149 |
Outputs | ||||||
Cases confirmed | Total number of confirmed cases of Covid-19 per thousand inhabitants as February 1, 2021b | 0.0088 | 20.5396 | 11.7416 | 92.5357 | 22.7485 |
Death rate | Total number of deaths with Covid-19 per thousand confirmed cases as February 1, 2021b | 0.4871 | 20.5774 | 17.7672 | 85.1128 | 12.9607 |
Dependent variable | ||||||
Efficiency | Own elaboration from DEA technique | 0.6018 | 0.8965 | 0.9399 | 1.0000 | 0.1092 |
Environmental variables | ||||||
Europe | Dummy variable that takes the value 1 if the country belongs to the European region established by the WHO and 0 otherwiseb | 0.0000 | 0.2968 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.4583 |
Americas | Dummy variable that takes the value 1 if the country belongs to the American region established by the WHO and 0 otherwiseb | 0.0000 | 0.1871 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.3913 |
Asia | Dummy variable that takes the value 1 if the country belongs to the regions of South-East Asia and Western Pacific established by the WHO and 0 otherwiseb | 0.0000 | 0.1226 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.3290 |
Africa | Dummy variable that takes the value 1 if the country belongs to the regions of Africa and Eastern Mediterranean established by the WHO and 0 otherwiseb | 0.0000 | 0.3935 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.4901 |
Gender | Dummy variable that takes the value 1 if the government leader is a woman and 0 if it is a manc | 0.0000 | 0.1032 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.3052 |
Ideology | Dummy variable that takes the value 1 if the government leader’s ideology is conservative and 0 if it is progressivec | 0.0000 | 0.4839 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.5014 |
Voice | Quality of freedom of expression, association, media, and citizen participation in the election of government, which takes values between 0 and 100d | 2.4631 | 48.5238 | 45.3202 | 100.0000 | 28.4050 |
Rule of law | Society’s compliance with the rule of law, which takes values between 0 and 100d | 0.4808 | 48.3468 | 46.1538 | 100.0000 | 28.6079 |
Median age | Median age of the populationf | 15.1510 | 30.5919 | 30.2620 | 48.3580 | 9.3129 |
GDP | Forecast year-on-year change in gross domestic product at constant prices as a percentage for 2019e | −35.0000 | 2.5109 | 2.3350 | 9.8900 | 4.1384 |
Tourism | Income from international tourism as a percentage of total exports in goods and servicesa | 0.1888 | 13.7942 | 7.7834 | 85.2048 | 16.4688 |
Unemployment | Unemployment rate forecast for 2019e | 0.2950 | 7.1966 | 7.1966 | 28.7000 | 3.7324 |
aData from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator?tab=all Accessed February, 2021
bData from https://covid19.who.int/table Accessed February, 2021
cOwn elaboration after consulting web information about the country
dData from http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/ Accessed February, 2021
eData from https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2020/October Accessed February, 2021
fData from https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ Accessed July, 2021