Table 3.
Effects of greenery and mediators on mental health in the structural equation model.
| Greenery/mediators | Depressive symptomsa |
Anxiety symptomsa |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | p-value | Β (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Total effects | ||||
| Houseplants | −0.02 (−0.03, −0.01) | <0.001 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.001) | 0.071 |
| Green view | −0.02 (−0.07, 0.02) | 0.349 | 0.00 (−0.06, 0.06) | 0.972 |
| Garden | 0.09 (−0.12, 0.30) | 0.412 | −0.04 (−0.29, 0.23) | 0.795 |
| Neighborhood greenery | −0.07 (−0.12, −0.01) | 0.016 | −0.09 (−0.15, −0.02) | 0.012 |
| Engagement w/ greenery | −0.03 (−0.07, 0.001) | 0.057 | −0.04 (−0.08, 0.01) | 0.085 |
| Being away (home) | −0.07 (−0.11, −0.04) | <0.001 | −0.09 (−0.12, −0.05) | <0.001 |
| Restorative quality (neighborhood) | −0.04 (−0.07, −0.02) | <0.001 | −0.05 (−0.08, −0.02) | <0.001 |
| Social support | −0.07 (−0.10, −0.04) | <0.001 | −0.09 (−0.12, −0.07) | <0.001 |
| Indirect effects | ||||
| Houseplants → Being away | −0.004 (−0.01, −0.002) | <0.001 | −0.005 (−0.01, −0.002) | <0.001 |
| Green view → Being away | −0.02 (−0.04, −0.01) | <0.001 | −0.03 (−0.05, −0.01) | <0.001 |
| Garden → Restorative quality → Engagement | −0.002 (−0.02, 0.01) | 0.593 | −0.002 (−0.02, 0.01) | 0.572 |
| Garden → Restorative quality → Social support | −0.002 (−0.02, 0.01) | 0.709 | −0.003 (−0.03, 0.02) | 0.718 |
| Neighborhood greenery → Restorative quality → Engagement w/ greenery | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.00) | 0.047 | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.001) | 0.075 |
| Neighborhood greenery → Restorative quality → Social support | −0.02 (−0.03, −0.01) | <0.001 | −0.02 (−0.04, −0.01) | <0.001 |
Coefficients are unstandardized linear regression coefficients (β) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI).
a
The variable is square root-transformed.