Table 1.
Nationally representative Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) that had integrated water testing, 2014–2020.
| Country (MICS round) | Fieldwork | Households interviewed { [response rate (%)]}a | Samples at PoC { [response rate (%)]}b | Samples at PoU { [response rate (%)]}c | Clusters | Teams | Implementing agencies | Technical assistance for water quality testing | Training duration (d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Algeria (MICS6) | December 2018–April 2019 | 29,919/30,930 (96.7) | 3,137/4,097 (76.6) | 4,076/4,097 (99.5) | 1,253 | 45 | Ministère de la Santé, de la Population et de la Réforme Hospitalière | Laboratory staff from Ministère de la Santé, de la Population et de la Réforme Hospitalière | 5 |
| Bangladesh (MICS6) | January–June 2019 | 61,242/61,602 (99.4) | 6,069/6,150 (98.7) | 6,140/6,150 (99.8) | 3,220 | 34 | Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics | International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh | 5 |
| Central African Republic (MICS6) | December 2018–June 2019 | 8,133/8,302 (98.7) | 1,048/1,228 (85.3) | 1,212/1,228 (98.7) | 451 | 20 | Institut Centrafricain des Statistiques et des Etudes Economiques et Sociales | Direction Générale de l’Hydraulique | 6 |
| Chad (MICS6) | May–December 2019 | 18,967/19,034 (99.6) | 2,166/2,284 (94.8) | 2,274/2,284 (99.6) | 769 | 25 | Institut National de la Statistique, des Etudes Economiques et Démographiques | Ministère des Ressources en Eau | 4 |
| Congo (MICS5) | November 2014–February 2015 | 12,811/12,868 (99.6) | 1,277/1,573 (81.2) | 1,507/1,573 (95.8) | 531 | 19 | Institut National de la Statistique | Société nationale de distribution d’eau | 5 |
| Côte d’Ivoire (MICS5) | April–July 2016 | 11,879/12,303 (96.6) | 1,782/1,926 (92.5) | 1,908/1,926 (99.1) | 511 | 21 | Institut National de la Statistique | Institut National d’Hygiène Publique and Laboratoire National de Santé Publique | 5 |
| Gambia (MICS6) | January–April 2018 | 7,405/7,517 (98.5) | 1,764/1,879 (93.9) | 1,865/1,879 (99.3) | 390 | 8 | Gambia Bureau of Statistics | Ministry of Water Resources | 5 |
| Georgia (MICS6) | September–December 2018 | 12,270/13,030 (94.2) | 2,429/3,059 (79.4) | 2,699/3,059 (88.2) | 706 | 13 | National Statistics Office of Georgia | National Center for Disease Control and Public Health | 3 |
| Ghana (MICS6) | October 2017–January 2018 | 12,886/12,960 (99.4) | 3,161/3,222 (98.1) | 3,219/3,222 (99.9) | 660 | 25 | Ghana Statistical Service | Water Research Institute and Ghana Water Company | 4 |
| Guinea-Bissau (MICS6) | November 2018–March 2019 | 7,379/7,394 (99.8) | 1,784/1,829 (97.5) | 1,828/1,829 (99.9) | 375 | 8 | Instituto Nacional de Estatística | — | 6 |
| Iraq (MICS6) | March–May 2018 | 20,214/20,318 (99.5) | 6,687/6,733 (99.3) | 6,724/6,733 (99.9) | 1,710 | 39 | Central Statistical Organization and Kurdistan Region Statistical Office | Central Public Health Laboratory | 2 |
| Kiribati (MICS6) | November 2018–January 2019 | 3,071/3,113 (98.7) | 589/626 (94.1) | 622/626 (99.4) | 164 | 9 | Kiribati National Statistics Office | Ministry of Health and Ministry of Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy | 4 |
| Lao People’s Democratic Republic (MICS6) | July–November 2017 | 22,287/22,443 (99.3) | 3,292/3,360 (98.0) | 3,346/3,360 (99.6) | 1,165 | 25 | Lao Statistics Bureau | Center for Environmental Health and Water Supply (Nam Saat) | 4 |
| Lesotho (MICS6) | April–September 2018 | 8,847/9,227 (95.9) | 1,339/1,376 (97.3) | 1,373/1,376 (99.8) | 400 | 15 | Bureau of Statistics | Ministry of Health and Ministry of Water Affairs | 3 |
| Madagascar (MICS6) | August–November 2018 | 17,870/18,291 (97.7) | 3,265/3,439 (94.9) | 3,433/3,439 (99.8) | 774 | 30 | L’Institut National de la Statistique de Madagascar | Ministre de Santé and the Ministre de l’Eau | 3 |
| Mongolia (MICS6) | September–December 2018 | 13,798/14,041 (98.3) | 2,598/2,764 (94.0) | 2,736/2,764 (99.0) | 580 | 19 | National Statistical Office | UNICEF Mongolia | 3 |
| Nepal (MICS6) | May–November 2019 | 12,655/12,687 (99.5) | 2,445/2,547 (96.0) | 2,536/2,547 (99.6) | 512 | 16 | Central Bureau of Statistics | Environment and Public Health Organization | 5 |
| Nigeria (MICS5) | September 2016–January 2017 | 33,901/34,289 (98.9) | 2,722/3,058 (89.0) | 3,053/3,058 (99.8) | 2,239 | 78 | National Bureau of Statistics | Federal Ministry of Water Resources | 5 |
| Palestine (MICS6) | December 2019–January 2020 | 9,326/9,751 (95.6) | 1,819/1,909 (95.3) | 1,848/1,909 (96.8) | 420 | 36 | Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics | Palestinian Water Authority | 5 |
| Paraguay (MICS5) | June–September 2016 | 7,313/7,594 (96.3) | 1,750/1,814 (96.5) | 1,790/1,814 (98.7) | 499 | 15 | Dirección General de Estadística, Encuestas y Censos | Ente Regulador de Servicios Sanitarios | 2 |
| Sao Tome and Principe (MICS6) | August–October 2019 | 3,426/3,469 (98.8) | 342/572 (59.8) | 571/572 (99.8) | 127 | 8 | Instituto Nacional de Estatística | — | 6 |
| Sierra Leone (MICS6) | May–August 2017 | 15,309/15,364 (99.6) | 1,748/1,784 (98.0) | 1,780/1,784 (99.8) | 600 | 24 | Statistics Sierra Leone | Ministry of Water Resources | 5 |
| Suriname (MICS6) | March–August 2018 | 7,915/8,771 (90.2) | 1,619/1,982 (81.7) | 1,701/1,982 (85.8) | 470 | 10 | General Bureau of Statistics | Suriname Water Supply Company and the Bureau of Public Health | 4 |
| Togo (MICS6) | July–October 2017 | 7,916/8,065 (98.2) | 1,088/1,157 (94.0) | 1,153/1,157 (99.7) | 420 | 16 | Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques et Démographiques | Institut National d’Hygiène | 5 |
| Tonga (MICS6) | October–December 2019 | 2,498/2,543 (98.2) | 543/628 (86.5) | 613/628 (97.6) | 139 | 8 | Tonga Statistics Department | Ministry of Health | 4 |
| Tunisia (MICS6) | March–May 2018 | 11,225/11,473 (97.8) | 2,664/2,805 (95.0) | 2,769/2,805 (98.7) | 600 | 32 | Institut National de la Statistique | Ministry of Health, Department of Environmental Hygiene and Environmental Protection | 3 |
| Zimbabwe (MICS6) | January–April 2019 | 11,091/11,313 (98) | 2,043/2,138 (95.6) | 2,124/2,138 (99.3) | 462 | 17 | Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency | Ministry of Health and Child Care | 4 |
| Total | — | 391,553/398,692 (98.2) | 61,170/65,939 (92.8) | 64,900/65,939 (98.4) | 20,147 | 615 | — | — | — |
Note: —, not applicable; MICS5, fifth round of Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys; MICS6, sixth round of Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys; PoC, point of collection; PoU, point of use; UNICEF, United Nations Children’s Fund.
a
Household response rate: proportion of completed household interviews of all occupied households.
b
PoC response rate: Proportion of households with water quality samples at PoC of occupied households selected for water quality testing. Number of samples does not exclude invalid test results. See Figure 1 for the number of samples excluded from analysis.
c
PoU response rate: proportion of households with water quality samples at PoU of occupied households selected for water quality testing. Number of samples does not exclude invalid test results. See Figure 1 for the number of samples excluded from analysis.