Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Baseline Characteristics | Total | Male | Female | P Value (Male vs Female) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 446) | (n = 168) | (n = 278) | ||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 58 (26.5) | 69 (13.0) | 48 (24.0) | <.001* |
| CrCl, median (IQR), mL/min | 91.4 (40.5) | 82.2 (37.0) | 96.4 (41.2) | <.001* |
| Treatment duration, mean ± SD, d | 7.5 ± 1.9 | 8.4 ± 2.4 | 7.0 ± 1.4 | <.001* |
| 5 d, No. (%) | 59 (13.2) | 21 (12.4) | 38 (13.7) | |
| 7 d, No. (%) | 291 (65.3) | 75 (44.6) | 216 (77.7) | |
| 10 d, No. (%) | 78 (17.5) | 58 (34.5) | 20 (7.2) | |
| 12 d, No. (%) | 1 (0.22) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | |
| 14 d, No. (%) | 17 (3.8) | 13 (7.7) | 4 (1.4) | |
| CrCl range, No. (%) | .001* | |||
| >60 mL/min | 401 (89.9) | 139 (82.7) | 262 (94.2) | |
| 30–60 mL/min | 44 (9.9) | 28 (16.7) | 16 (5.8) | |
| <30 mL/min | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Urinary catheter use, No. (%) | 25 (5.6) | 24 (14.3) | 1 (0.4) | <.001* |
| Foley | 17 (3.8) | 16 (9.5) | 1 (0.4) | |
| Condom | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Intermittent/straight | 6 (1.3) | 6 (3.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Suprapubic | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Urinalysis, No. (%) | 393 (88.1) | 158 (94) | 235 (84.5) | |
| Positivea | 366 (93.1) | 151 (95.5) | 215 (91.5) | .189 |
| Negativea | 27 (6.9) | 7 (4.4) | 20 (8.5) | |
| Urine culture results, No. (%) | ||||
| Culture attained | 348 (78) | 134 (79.8) | 214 (77) | |
| Culture growthb | 289 (83) | 112 (83.5) | 177 (82.7) | .359 |
| Culture organism, No. (%)b | – | |||
| E. coli (total) | 170 (48.8) | 74 (55.2) | 96 (44.9) | |
| E. coli (ESBL-producing) | 16 (4.6) | 14 (10.4) | 2 (0.9) | |
| Streptococcus sp. | 16 (4.6) | 6 (4.5) | 10 (4.7) | |
| Staphylococcus sp. | 10 (2.9) | 4 (3.0) | 6 (2.8) | |
| Enterococcus sp. | 12 (3.4) | 9 (6.7) | 3 (1.4) | |
| Klebsiella sp. | 14 (4.0) | 5 (3.7) | 9 (4.2) | |
| Proteus sp. | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Citrobacter sp. | 3 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.4) | |
| Other sp.c | 58 (16.7) | 19 (14.2) | 39 (18.2) | |
| Comorbidities, No. (%) | ||||
| Spinal cord injury | 6 (1.3) | 4 (2.4) | 2 (0.7) | |
| BPH | 94 (21.1) | 94 (56.0) | – | |
| Structural urinary obstruction | 4 (0.9) | 3 (1.8) | 1 (0.4) | |
| Active cancer and/or cancer treatment | 19 (4.3) | 13 (7.7) | 6 (2.2) | |
| Receipt of agent known to cause immunosuppression | 17 (3.8) | 6 (3.6) | 11 (4.0) | |
| Autoimmune disorder | 15 (3.4) | 2 (1.2) | 13 (4.7) | |
| Active prostate cancer w/in 12 mo | 8 (1.8) | 8 (4.8) | – | |
| COPD or asthma | 39 (8.7) | 14 (8.3) | 25 (9.0) | |
| Diabetes | 116 (26.0) | 73 (43.5) | 43 (15.5) | |
| Liver disease (noncirrhotic) | 19 (4.3) | 4 (2.4) | 15 (5.4) | |
| Liver disease (cirrhotic) | 10 (2.2) | 6 (3.6) | 4 (1.4) | |
| Chronic heart failure | 16 (3.6) | 14 (8.3) | 2 (0.7) |
Abbreviations: BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CrCl, creatinine clearance; ESBL, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; IQR, interquartile range.
*P < .05, statistically significant.
aNo. (%) calculated from total number of patients who had a urinalysis.
bNo. (%) calculated from total number of patients who had a urine culture.
cIncludes gram-positive organisms, lactose-negative/positive gram-negative rods, Candida sp., Lactobacillus sp., Aerococcus urinae, Gardnerella vaginallis.