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Biological response of macrophages stimulated by various samples
(A) Macrophages viability test for 1, 3, and 5 days.
(B and C) Secretion of (B) pro-inflammatory and (C) anti-inflammatory cytokines after cultivating macrophages for 1 and 3 days.
Expression of (D) M1 and (E) M2 genes, and (F) autophagy-related genes after cultivating macrophages for 3 days. ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 compared with the P group, whereas ##p < 0.01 and ###p < 0.001 compared with the P-DPI group (n = 4).
