Table.2.
Comparison of the two groups regarding the mean scores of academic motivation and its dimensions
| Variable | Groups | Before (Mean ± SD) |
After (Mean ± SD) |
P-value (within-group)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intrinsic motivation | Synchronous online | 58.125 ± 7.490 | 58.500 ± 8.958 | 0.725 |
| Flipped-jigsaw | 60.772 ± 8.569 | 65.045 ± 7.351 | 0.003 | |
| P-value (between-group)b | 0.461 | 0.038 | ||
| Extrinsic motivation | Synchronous online | 48.575 ± 5.597 | 49.850 ± 5.681 | 0.131 |
| Flipped-jigsaw | 50.727 ± 7.289 | 53.840 ± 7.736 | 0.031 | |
| P-value (between-group) b | 0.226 | 0.010 | ||
| Academic motivation (Total) | Synchronous online | 106.700 ± 11.223 | 108.350 ± 12.263 | 0.229 |
| Flipped-jigsaw | 111.500 ± 14.342 | 118.886 ± 13.026 | 0.002 | |
| P-value (between-group) b | 0.285 | 0.007 |
a Paired t-test for within-group comparisons
b ANCOVA for between-group comparisons