Table 2.
Estimations of survival rates in regions without First Responder systems if a First Responder system would have been in place
|
Calculations used to determine the theoretical survival rate (from observed to expected) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No FR-systemMean % | FR-system dispatchedMean % | Relative increase*: FR- system dispatched vs. no FR-system | ||||
|
14% (95%CI 13%-15%) | 19% (95%CI 18%-20%) | 36% (*1.36) | |||
|
18% (95%CI z17%-19%) | 33% (95%CI 32%-34%) | 83% (*1.83) | |||
|
3% (95%CI 3%-3%) | 5% (95%CI 5%-5%) | 67% (*1.67) | |||
|
OHCA-patients |
OHCA survivors |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country |
Total group N |
Comparator group %⁎⁎ |
Non-comparator group %⁎⁎ | Survivaltotal %⁎⁎ | Comparator group %⁎⁎ | Non-comparator group %⁎⁎ |
| Observed rates | ||||||
| Spain | 2147 | 19% (95%CI 17%-21%) | 81% (95%CI 79%-83%) | 11% (95%CI 10%-12%) | 32% (95%CI 27%-37%) | 6% (95%CI 5%-7%) |
| Croatia | 284 | 19% (95%CI 14%-24%) | 81% (95%CI 76%-86%) | 9% (95%CI 6%-12%) | 24% (95%CI 13%-35%) | 4% (95%CI 1%-7%) |
| Hungary | 1993 | 15% (95%CI 13%-17%) | 85% (95%CI 83%-87%) | 4% (95%CI 3%-5%) | 12% (95%CI 8%-16%) | 2% (95%CI 0%-4%) |
| Italy (Pavia) | 204 | 7% (95%CI 3%-11%) | 93% (95%CI 89%-97%) | 6% (95%CI 3%-9%) | 20% (95%CI 0%-41%) | 3% (95%CI 0%-5%) |
| France÷ | 2276 | 15% (95%CI 14%-16%) | 85% (95%CI 84%-86%) | 5% (95%CI 4%-6%) | 20% (95%CI 16%-24%) | 2% (95%CI 1%-3%) |
| Serbia | 197 | 14% (95%CI 9%-19%) | 86% (95%CI 81%-91%) | 7% (95%CI 3%-11%) | 10% (95%CI 0%-21%) | 3% (95%CI 0%-6%) |
|
Total group N |
Comparator group N (%) |
Non-comparator group N (%) | Survivaltotal N (%) | Comparator group N (%) | Non-comparator group N (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expected rates | ||||||
| Spain | 2147 | 558 (26%; 95%CI 24%-28%)⁎⁎⁎ | 1589⁎⁎⁎⁎(74%; 95%CI 72%-76%) | 488 (23%; 95%CI 21%-25%)± | 329 (59%; 95%CI 55%-63%)‡ | 159†† (10%; 95%CI 9%-11%)‡‡ |
| Croatia | 284 | 74 (26%; 95%CI 21%-31%)⁎⁎⁎ | 210⁎⁎⁎⁎(74% 95%CI 69%-79%) | 48 (17%; 95%CI 13%-21%)± | 33 (44%; 95%CI 33%-55%)‡ | 15†† (7%; 95%CI 4%-10%)‡‡ |
| Hungary | 1993 | 399 (20%; 95%CI 18%-22%)⁎⁎⁎ | 1594⁎⁎⁎⁎(80%; 95%CI 78%-82%) | 136 (7%; 95%CI 6%-8%)± | 88 (22%; 95%CI 18%-26%)‡ | 48†† (3%; 95%CI 2%-4%)‡‡ |
| Italy (Pavia) | 204 | 20 (10%; 95%CI 6%-14%)⁎⁎⁎ | 184⁎⁎⁎⁎(90%; 95%CI 86%-94%) | 16 (8%; 95%CI 4%-12%)± | 7 (37%; 95%CI 16%-58%)‡ | 9†† (5%; 95%CI 2%-8%)‡‡ |
| France÷ | 2276 | 455 (20%; 95%CI 18%-22%) | 1821⁎⁎⁎⁎(80%; 95%CI 78%-82%) | 223 (10%; 95%CI 9%-11%)± | 168 (37%; 95%CI 33%-41%)‡ | 55 (3%; 95%CI 2%-4%)‡‡ |
| Serbia | 197 | 37 (19%; 95%CI 14%-24%) | 160⁎⁎⁎⁎(81%; 95%CI 69%-86%) | 15 (8%; 95%CI 12%-12%)± | 7 (18%; 95%CI 6%-30%)‡ | 8 (5%; 95%CI 2%-8%)‡‡ |
Abbreviations: FR, first responder; OHCA, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Relative increase was calculated as (mean (FR-system dispatched) – mean (No FR-system)) / (mean (No FR-system))
N is not reported for observed rates, only percentages could be collected accurately based on published data
Proportion in comparator group (expected): proportion comparator group (observed) *1.36 [=relative increase proportion patients in comparator group]
Non-comparator, N (expected) = N total – N comparator (expected)
Proportion survival in comparator group (expected): proportion survival in comparator group (observed) * 1.83 [=relative increase survival comparator group]
Proportion survival in non-comparator group (expected): proportion survival in non-comparator group (observed) * 1.67 [=relative increase survival non-comparator group]
Proportion survivaltotal(expected): N patients survived comparator (expected) + N patients survived non-comparator (expected) / N Total
Firefighters are part of the EMS in France. Therefore, the calculated expected survival rate only applies to the situation in which either citizen-responders or police officers will be added to an EMS system with firefighters being part of the EMS