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. 2021 Sep 20;8(5):ENEURO.0143-21.2021. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0143-21.2021

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Copyright © 2021 Borrelli et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 2. — Altered self-righting latency in a sex-specific and development-dependent manner following repeated neonatal morphine exposure. In examining the normalized latency to self-right on P4 and P7, RM ANOVA indicated a main effect of treatment (F_(1,32) = 49.23; p < 0.001), postnatal day (F_(1,32) = 18.61, p < 0.001), and sex (F_(1,32) = 8.30, p = 0.007), as well as treatment × sex (F_(1,32) = 4.29, p = 0.046) and treatment × sex × postnatal day interactions (F_(1,32) = 4.69, p = 0.038). Data from each day were then analyzed separately. On P4, two-way ANOVA indicated a main effect of treatment (F_(1,32) = 14.09; p < 0.001), as morphine-treated mice took 8.47 s longer to self-right on average (95% CI for difference: [4.03, 12.91]; *p < 0.001). On P7, two-way ANOVA indicated a main effect of treatment (F_(1,32) = 24.24, p < 0.001) and a treatment × sex interaction (F_(1,32) = 8.19; p = 0.007) that was explained by significantly longer latencies to self-right in morphine females compared with all other groups: versus saline females (95% CI for difference: [9.64, 27.52]; #p < 0.001); versus saline males ([6.66, 25.36]; %p < 0.001), and versus morphine males ([1.47, 20.71]; $p = 0.02). Morphine-exposed males did not differ significantly from saline control males (p = 0.49) or females (p = 0.12). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of raw (non-normalized) data.