Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants across increasing quartile of cholesterol efflux capacity–radiolabeled.
| Cholesterol Efflux Capacity–Radiolabeled | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Q1 (N = 553) | Q2 (N = 554) | Q3 (N = 554) | Q4 (N = 553) | ǂP Value for Trend (Two-sided) |
| Cholesterol efflux capacity | 0·72 ± 0·10 | 0·88 ± 0·03 | 0·99 ± 0·03 | 1·15 ± 0·10 | <0·001 |
| Demographics/Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors | |||||
| Age (year) | 49 ± 11 | 49 ± 11 | 51 ± 11 | 51 ± 11 | <0·001 |
| Male (%) | 44 | 37 | 40 | 33 | 0·001 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 46 | 35 | 36 | 35 | 0·002 |
| Post-menopausal (%) | 27 | 33 | 35 | 38 | 0·001 |
| Race/Ethnicity (%) | |||||
| Black | 55 | 59 | 50 | 47 | 0·001 |
| White | 28 | 25 | 31 | 35 | 0·001 |
| Hispanic | 14 | 14 | 17 | 16 | 0·314 |
| History of cardiovascular disease (%) | 10 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 0·919 |
| History of diabetes (%) | 16 | 15 | 18 | 18 | 0·202 |
| Antihypertensive medication use (%) | 39 | 34 | 35 | 38 | 0·999 |
| Statin use (%) | 18 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 0·821 |
| Current smoker (%) | 21 | 25 | 23 | 23 | 0·635 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132 ± 20 | 133 ± 21 | 132 ± 19 | 134 ± 21 | 0·218 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 81 ± 9 | 81 ± 9 | 81 ± 9 | 82 ± 10 | 0·575 |
| Cardiometabolic Variables | |||||
| Current drinker (%) | 68 | 67 | 69 | 74 | 0·017 |
| Physical activity (activity count >1500 per min/day)* | 28·3 (13·4, 52·3) | 27·6 (13·8, 53·0) | 27·7 (13·9, 51.0) | 30·3 (14·6, 53·9) | 0·324 |
| Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) | 32·4 ± 7·9 | 31·5 ± 7·5 | 30·7 ± 7·1 | 30·0 ± 7·0 | <0·001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 99·6 ± 16·9 | 97·4 ± 17·1 | 96·6 ± 16·0 | 94·6 ± 16·0 | <0·001 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)* | 94 (87, 102) | 93 (86, 102) | 94 (87, 105) | 94 (88, 103) | 0·106 |
| Insulin (uIU/mL) * | 14·1 (8·9, 22·3) | 12·5 (8·7, 18·5) | 12·4 (8·1, 18·6) | 11·8 (8·0, 17·9) | <0·001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5·8 ± 1·1 | 5·7 ± 1·0 | 5·8 ± 1·2 | 5·8 ± 1·3 | 0·319 |
| Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance * | 3·4 (2·0, 5·6) | 2·9 (1·9, 4·6) | 2·9 (1·9, 4·9) | 2·8 (1·8, 4·8) | 0·002 |
| Lipids | |||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 179 ± 38 | 189 ± 36 | 197 ± 37 | 205 ± 40 | <0·001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) * | 96 (70, 133) | 99 (71, 137) | 106 (74, 149) | 105 (76, 155) | <0·001 |
| Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) * | 19 (14, 27) | 20 (14, 27) | 21 (15, 30) | 21 (15, 31) | <0·001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 110 ± 33 | 116 ± 34 | 118 ± 35 | 119 ± 38 | <0·001 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 46 ± 12 | 51 ± 11 | 54 ± 13 | 60 ± 18 | <0·001 |
Data reported as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or percentage. Q1, first quartile; Q2, second quartile; Q3, third quartile; Q4, fourth quartile.
*Non-normally distributed variable.
ǂTest for intergroup differences performed using Jonckheere–Terpstra trend test.
Bolded variables represent significant associations.