Table 2.
Sleep characteristics of good and poor sleeping Veterans without a current mental health disorder.
| Variable | Total sample (N = 1,118) | Good sleeping Veterans, PSQI ≤ 5 (n = 464) | Poor sleeping Veterans, PSQI > 5 (n = 654) | t/X2 (p)† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep characteristics, M (SD) | ||||
| Sleep onset latency (min) | 29.7 (26.9) | 15.4 (11.2) | 39.8 (30.0) | −16.7 (< 0.001) |
| Total sleep time (h) | 5.9 (1.4) | 6.9 (1.0) | 5.3 (1.3) | 23.3 (< 0.001) |
| Sleep efficiencya (percent) | 79.1% (19.7%) | 90.0% (11.0%) | 71.4% (20.8%) | 17.6 (< 0.001) |
| Sleep complaintsb, N (%) | ||||
| Trouble falling asleep | 322 (30) | 25 (5) | 297 (45) | 212.0 (< 0.001) |
| Waking up too early | 126 (11) | 34 (7) | 92 (14) | 12.3 (< 0.001) |
| Sleep that is restless or disturbed | 261 (23) | 26 (6) | 215 (33) | 80.0 (< 0.001) |
| Poor sleep quality rating | 654 (59) | 8 (2) | 353 (54) | 338.9 (< 0.001) |
| Nightmares and bad dreamsb, N (%) | ||||
| Frequent trauma-related memories/ | 35 (3) | 3 (1) | 32 (5) | 16.1 (< 0.001) |
| nightmares | ||||
| Frequent nontrauma related memories/nightmares | 17 (2) | 3 (1) | 14 (2) | 4.1 (0.044) |
†
Student t-tests used for comparisons of continuous variables, Chi-square tests of association used to compare categorical variables. Significance level set at 0.002 based on Bonferroni-adjusted comparison rate: 0.05/25 = 0.002.
a
Sleep efficiency = total time asleep/total time in bed.
b
Per PSQI-A. Endorsed if reported 3 or more nights per week.