Table 1. Sample characteristics (n = 2521).
| n (%) | 95% CI1 | Concentration Index (CI)2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.031 | ||
| 12 to <15 | 952 (37.8) | 0.35–0.39 | |
| ≥15 to 17 | 1569 (62.2) | 0.60–0.64 | |
| Gender | 0.009 | ||
| Boys | 1301 (51.6) | 0.49–0.53 | |
| Girls | 1220 (48.4) | 0.46–0.50 | |
| Country of Birth | -0.009 | ||
| Overseas | 354 (14.0) | 0.12–0.15 | |
| Australia | 2167 (86.0) | 0.84–0.87 | |
| Place of residence | -0.066*** | ||
| Cities | 1626 (64.5) | 0.62–0.66 | |
| Regional | 860 (34.1) | 0.34–0.35 | |
| Remote | 35 (1.4) | 0.01–0.02 | |
| Schooling | 0.002 | ||
| No | 210 (8.3) | 0.07–0.09 | |
| Yes | 2311 (91.7) | 0.90–0.92 | |
| Parents’ Education | 0.259*** | ||
| Year 10/11 | 790 (31.3) | 0.29–0.33 | |
| Diploma | 943 (37.4) | 0.35–0.39 | |
| Bachelor | 788 (31.3) | 0.29–0.33 | |
| Parents’ Employment | 0.317*** | ||
| Unemployed | 584 (23.2) | 0.21–0.24 | |
| Employed | 1937 (76.8) | 0.75–0.78 | |
| Family type3 | -0.401*** | ||
| Original | 1492 (59.2) | 0.57–0.61 | |
| Others | 1029 (40.8) | 0.38–0.42 | |
| Family functioning4 | -0.046** | ||
| Poor | 103 (4.1) | 0.03–0.05 | |
| Fair | 342 (13.6) | 0.12–0.14 | |
| Good | 652 (25.8) | 0.24–0.27 | |
| Very good | 1424 (56.5) | 0.54–0.58 | |
| Household income quintiles5 | 0.267*** | ||
| Q1 (Less than $20,000 per year)—Poorest | 450 (17.8) | 0.16–0.19 | |
| Q2 ($20,000-$32,999) | 539 (21.4) | 0.19–0.23 | |
| Q3 ($33,000-$44,999) | 454 (18.0) | 0.16–0.19 | |
| Q4 ($45,000-$66,999) | 592 (23.5) | 0.21–0.25 | |
| Q5 ($67,000 or more per year)—Richest | 486 (19.3) | 0.17–0.21 | |
| SEIFA IRSAD quintiles6 | 0.264*** | ||
| Q1 (0–20%)—Most disadvantaged | 388 (15.4) | 0.14–0.16 | |
| Q2 (20–40%) | 445 (17.7) | 0.16–0.19 | |
| Q3 (40–60%) | 536 (21.3) | 0.19–0.22 | |
| Q4 (60–80%) | 555 (22.0) | 0.20–0.23 | |
| Q5 (80–100%)—Most advantaged | 597 (23.6) | 0.22–0.25 |
Notes: Data presented in n (%), 95% CI (1Confidence Interval)
2p-value (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001)
3Family type: Original families means children are natural, adopted, or foster child of both parents, and no step child; other families include step, blended and children from families who are not natural, adopted, foster or step of either parent.
4Family functioning: Poor family functioning can be an indicator of mental health problems in children and vice versa. Hence categorized into poor, fair, good and very good.
5Equivalised household income quintiles: Equivalised household income is as a measure of the economic resources available to each member of a household. It is derived by calculating an equivalence factor based on ‘Modified OECD’ equivalence scale and then dividing the income by that equivalence factor. Equivalised household income are divided in quintiles, with quintile 1 (Q1, less than $20,000 per year) for the poorest and quintile 1 (Q5, $67,000 or more per year) for the richest.
6SEIFA IRSAD quintiles: The SEIFA (Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas) IRSAD (Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage) is used to estimate area-level SES. It employs a range of variables of the Census including income, education, occupation, employment, and housing characteristics. Note that the SEIFA IRSAD is a composite index of the economic and social growth of a region in contrast to other areas, and a lowest IRSAD score (Quintile 1, 0–20%) signifies greater disadvantage as well as a lack of advantages in general and highest IRSAD score (Quintile 5, 80–100%) indicates greater advantages as well as a lack of disadvantage at the area level.
- The ‘Don’t know’ responses were omitted.