Table 2.
Metabolic signatures significantly altered in SCLC patients at the time of diagnosis compared to healthy controls. Testing was based on non-parametric Mann-Whitney U Test with FDR correction. The medians of significant metabolites were compared between groups to determine fold changes (FC). All metabolite concentrations are in mmol/L except for the lipoprotein subfractions which are displayed in mg/dL. Abbreviation: FDR = false discovery rate, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, based on population and square root. FC = median fold change, n.a. = not available, ROC = receiver operating characteristics curve, AUC = area under the curve a. p-values of Mann Whitney U Test. b. FDR corrected p-values. c. p-values of ROC-based AUCs.
| Metabolic signatures of small cell lung cancer | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolites [mmol/L or mg/dL] | Controls |
SCLC |
FC | ap-value | bq-value | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | AUC (95% CL) | cp-value |
| Median (min-max) | Median (min-max) | ||||||||
| 3-Hydroxybutyric acid | 0.037 (0.00–0.27) | 0.091 (0.03–0.86) | 2.5 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 83 | 72 | 0.86 (0.76–0.95) | <0.001 |
| Acetoacetic acid | 0.000 (0.00–0.05) | 0.010 (0.00–0.26) | n.a. | 0.001 | 0.011 | 57 | 88 | 0.81 (0.60–0.86) | 0.003 |
| Acetone | 0.019 (0.00–0.04) | 0.030 (0.01–0.15) | 1.6 | <0.001 | 0.005 | 80 | 68 | 0.73 (0.68–0.91) | <0.001 |
| Glutamic acid | 0.069 (0.00–0.14) | 0.115 (0.06–0.27) | 1.7 | <0.001 | 0.004 | 80 | 72 | 0.81 (0.70–0.92) | <0.001 |
| Glutamine | 0.660 (0.51–0.81) | 0.587 (0.34–0.79) | 0.9 | 0.007 | 0.047 | 73 | 64 | 0.71 (0.58–0.85) | 0.007 |
| Glycerol | 0.000 (0.00–0.42) | 0.292 (0.00–0.88) | n.a. | 0.001 | 0.096 | 73 | 72 | 0.76 (0.63–0.89) | 0.001 |
| HDL-3 free cholesterol | 2.261 (1.24–3.56) | 1.685 (0.16–4.02) | 0.7 | 0.002 | 0.023 | 70 | 68 | 0.74 (0.61–0.87) | 0.002 |
| HDL-4 apolipoprotein-A1 | 68.871 (48.96–84.58) | 56.793 (29.06–81.18) | 0.8 | 0.005 | 0.038 | 60 | 84 | 0.72 (0.59–0.86) | 0.005 |
| HDL-4 apolipoprotein-A2 | 18.006 (10.45–22.06) | 13.358 (6.33–21.86) | 0.7 | 0.001 | 0.006 | 67 | 76 | 0.77 (0.65–0.90) | <0.001 |
| HDL-4 cholesterol | 18.812 (13.67–23.48) | 14.295 (5.85–23.12) | 0.8 | <0.001 | 0.006 | 70 | 76 | 0.78 (0.66–0.90) | <0.001 |
| HDL-4 free cholesterol | 3.522 (2.25–4.77) | 2.720 (0.74–4.74) | 0.8 | 0.008 | 0.047 | 73 | 64 | 0.71 (0.58–0.85) | 0.007 |
| HDL-4 phospholipid | 26.706 (19.20–33.12) | 22.264 (12.67–32.48) | 0.8 | 0.005 | 0.027 | 67 | 76 | 0.73 (0.60–0.87) | 0.003 |
| LDL triglyceride | 15.950 (9.55–32.90) | 21.471 (11.00–55.92) | 1.3 | 0.001 | 0.006 | 80 | 76 | 0.78 (0.65–0.91) | <0.001 |
| LDL-1 triglyceride | 4.664 (2.73–11.31) | 6.264 (3.42–19.49) | 1.3 | 0.012 | 0.038 | 70 | 76 | 0.70 (0.55–0.84) | 0.012 |
| LDL-2 triglyceride | 1.945 (1.06–5.15) | 2.730 (0.95–3.95) | 1.4 | 0.009 | 0.054 | 73 | 72 | 0.70 (0.56–0.85) | 0.010 |
| LDL-4 cholesterol | 13.585 (0.00–28.42) | 6.995 (0.00–22.19) | 0.5 | 0.007 | 0.047 | 70 | 60 | 0.71 (0.58–0.85) | 0.007 |
| LDL-6 triglyceride | 3.934 (2.20–6.11) | 5.854 (3.04–15.33) | 1.5 | <0.001 | 0.003 | 73 | 72 | 0.81 (0.70–0.92) | <0.001 |
| Leucine | 0.100 (0.07–0.20) | 0.078 (0.05–0.21) | 0.8 | <0.001 | 0.004 | 77 | 80 | 0.81 (0.69–0.93) | <0.001 |
| Lysine | 0.208 (0.00–0.33) | 0.167 (0.00–0.29) | 0.8 | 0.004 | 0.035 | 60 | 72 | 0.73 (0.59–0.86) | 0.004 |
| Methionine | 0.085 (0.06–0.13) | 0.065 (0.00–0.13) | 0.8 | <0.001 | 0.005 | 80 | 72 | 0.80 (0.68–0.92) | <0.001 |
| Threonine | 0.116 (0.00–0.37) | 0.000 (0.00–0.30) | n.a. | 0.005 | 0.044 | 73 | 60 | 0.71 (0.57–0.85) | 0.009 |
| Tyrosine | 0.068 (0.04–0.11) | 0.049 (0.00–0.11) | 0.7 | 0.002 | 0.021 | 73 | 68 | 0.75 (0.62–0.88) | 0.002 |