. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2021 May 6;21(5):917–935. doi: 10.3758/s13415-021-00906-9

Table 3.

Regression results with behavioral measures. Results for the three regression models used to predict multiplication skill at T2 from multiplication skill at T1 (model 1), multiplication skill, and full IQ at T1 (model 2), and multiplication skill, full IQ, and math attitudes at T1 (model 3).

Model	Predictor	Stand. β	t	R²	ΔR²	F	ΔF
1	Multiplication skill T1	.407	3.089^**	.166	.166	9.539^**	9.539
2	Multiplication skill T1	.314	2.631^*	.359	.193	13.171^**	14.182
2	Full IQ T1	.449	3.766^**	.359	.193	13.171^**	14.182
3	Multiplication skill T1	.307	2.397^*	.360	.000	8.606^**	.024
	Full IQ T1	.447	3.658^**
	Math attitudes T1	.020	0.156

Note. T1: Time 1; T2: Time 2;

Significant at p < .05;

^**

Significant at p < .005.

Dependent measure: Multiplication skill at T2. ΔR²: change in R². ΔF: Change in F. No multicollinearity was found in these analyses, with the VIF values ranging from 1.04 to 1.19.