Table 4:

Information on the groups created to study the interaction. Means (standard deviation in parenthesis) for age, time between sessions, and scores on standardized tests of math attitudes, multiplication skill, improvement, reading skill, intelligence (IQ), and accuracy (percentage) and response times (RTs; sec) for small and large multiplication problems solved inside the scanner, for the math attitudes groups (i.e. negative attitudes; positive attitudes; n=25 each) and for the improvement groups (i.e. improvers; non-improvers; n=25 each) created to study the math attitudes by improvement interaction.

	Math attitudes groups (median-split)		Improvement groups (median-split)
	Negative attitudes (n=25)	Positive attitudes (n=25)	Improvers (n=25)	Non-improvers (n=25)
Age at T1 session1	11.0 (1.5)	11.2 (1.4)	10.8 (1.3)	11.5 (1.6)
Age at T2 session1	13.2 (1.7)	13.4 (1.5)	12.9 (1.4)	13.7 (1.7)
Time between sessions1	2.2 (0.3)	2.2 (0.2)	2.2 (0.2)	2.2 (0.3)
Female/male ratio	13/12	13/12	12/13	14/11
Math attitudes at T12	35.8 (4.7)	49.6 (4.3)	43.5 (9.4)	42.0 (7)
Multiplication skill T12	10.6 (6)	13.0 (4.9)	12.0 (6.1)	11.6 (5.1)
Multiplication skill T22	13.7 (6)	14.3 (5.5)	18.2 (3.7)	9.8 (4)
Improvement T2-T12	0.2 (5.3)	−0.2 (5.2)	4.1 (2.7)	−4.1 (3.5)
Reading skill at T13	107.4 (9.9)	106.0 (12.7)	106.8 (10.3)	103.6 (11.2)
Full IQ at T13	109.5 (13.8)	115.1 (15.3)	118.5 (14)	106.1 (12.8)
% Accuracy: Small	87.1 (14.2)	91.8 (11.1)	93.2 (8.8)*	85.7 (15.2)*
% Accuracy: Large	67.0 (17.2)	69.0 (.02)	74.3 (17.8)**	61.7 (14)**
RTs (sec): Small	1.21 (.37)	1.11 (.35)	1.19 (.34)	1.14 (.38)
RTs (sec): Large	1.37 (.37)	1.36 (.41)	1.44 (.38)	1.29 (.39)

Note.

¹In years.

²Raw scores;

³Standard scores.

T1: Time 1; T2: Time 2. See section 2.2. for a description of the standardized tests included in this table.

^(*)Significant differences between improvement groups for small problems (t(48) = −2.13, p = .04);

^(**)Significant differences between improvement groups for large problems (t(48) = −2.76, p = .008).