Table 3.
Associations between baseline characteristics and cancer mortality among American Indian adults - the Strong Heart Study, 1989–2010 (n = 3516)
| Full Model | Final Model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | HR | 95% CI | HR* | 95% CI | ||
|
| ||||||
| AZ vs. N/SD | 0.75 | 0.49 | 1.16 | 0.78 | 0.51 | 1.19 |
| OK vs. N/SD | 0.79 | 0.61 | 1.03 | 0.78 | 0.60 | 0.99 |
| Age (years) | 1.08 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.09 |
| Male vs. Female | 1.23 | 0.96 | 1.59 | --- | --- | --- |
| Education ≥ 12 yr vs. < 12 yr | 0.98 | 0.74 | 1.29 | --- | --- | --- |
| Current smoking vs. Never | 2.47 | 1.77 | 3.44 | 2.53 | 1.84 | 3.48 |
| Former smoking vs. Never | 1.82 | 1.37 | 2.42 | 1.79 | 1.36 | 2.34 |
| Current alcohol (Yes vs. No) | 0.89 | 0.68 | 1.16 | --- | --- | --- |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) vs. other | 0.68 | 0.48 | 0.94 | 0.66 | 0.47 | 0.92 |
| Waist circumference (cm)(1) | 1.07 (1) | 1.01 | 1.13 | 1.07 (1) | 1.01 | 1.13 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl)(1) | 0.95 (1) | 0.92 | 0.99 | 0.94 (1) | 0.91 | 0.98 |
| Log triglyceride (mg/dl) | 1.02 | 0.80 | 1.30 | --- | --- | --- |
| Albuminuria (Yes vs. No) | 1.55 | 1.14 | 2.10 | 1.56 | 1.18 | 2.06 |
| Urinary cadmium (mcg/g creatinine) | 1.03 | 1.01 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.01 | 1.05 |
| Diabetes (Yes vs. No) | 1.15 | 0.88 | 1.51 | --- | --- | --- |
| Hypertension (Yes vs. No) | 0.85 | 0.65 | 1.11 | --- | --- | --- |
| Cancer history (Yes vs. No) | 2.16 | 1.50 | 3.11 | 2.15 | 1.51 | 3.07 |
Abbreviations: AZ, Arizona center; BMI, Body Mass Index; CI, Confidence Interval; N/SD, North and South Dakota center; OK, Oklahoma center; SHS, Strong Heart Study.
*
Estimated from a Cox Proportional Hazards model by backward selection method with 0.05 stay significance level.
(1)
Hazards ratio for waist was given per 5-unit change and for total cholesterol per 10-unit change.