Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the higher-risk patients.
| Patients with improvement in peak V̇O2 (n = 86) | Patients without improvement in peak V̇O2 (n = 24) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age (IQR), years | 67 (60–76) | 70 (65–78) | 0.192 |
| Female sex, N (%) | 28 (33) | 5 (21) | 0.322 |
| Median body-mass index (IQR), kg/m2 | 23.1 (20.9–25.1) | 24.4 (21.5–27.2) | 0.178 |
| Median BNP level (IQR), pg/ml | 208.7 (104.0–513.1) | 437.5 (124.9–751.2) | 0.147 |
| Median left ventricular ejection fraction (IQR), % | 50 (41–57) | 44 (34–53) | 0.172 |
| Median estimated GFR (IQR), ml/min/1.73 m2 | 62.5 (48.8–79.0) | 51.5 (37.5–71.8) | 0.074 |
| Peak V̇O2 at 2 months | 11.7 ± 1.9 | 12.0 ± 1.4 | 0.682 |
| Peak V̇O2 at 5 months | 15.1 ± 3.5 | 10.8 ± 1.8 | < 0.001 |
| NYHA class -N. (%) | 0.457 | ||
| I | 55 (64) | 12 (50) | |
| II | 24 (28) | 9 (38) | |
| III | 7 (8) | 3 (13) | |
| Coexisting conditions, N (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 58 (67) | 13 (54) | 0.239 |
| Diabetes | 30 (35) | 8 (33) | 1.000 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 15 (17) | 2 (8) | 0.354 |
| Prior thromboembolic events | 2 (2) | 1 (4) | 0.526 |
| CHADS2 score (IQR) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 0.391 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc (IQR) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | 0.673 |
| Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, N(%) | 45 (52) | 8 (33) | 0.112 |
| Cause of heart failure, N (%) | 1.000 | ||
| Ischemic | 63 (73) | 17 (71) | |
| Non-ischemic | 8 (9) | 6 (25) | |
| Idiopathic | 15 (17) | 1 (4) | |
| Valvular | |||
| Medications, N (%) | |||
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 77 (90) | 23 (96) | 0.688 |
| Beta-blocker | 71 (83) | 16 (67) | 0.153 |
| Amiodarone | 5 (6) | 1 (4) | 1.000 |
| Preexisting pacemaker or CRT, N (%) | 3(4) | 0 | 1.000 |
IQR; interquartile range, GFR; glomerular filtration rate, NYHA; New York Heart Association, ACE; angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB; angiotensin II receptor blocker, CRT; cardiac resynchronization therapy, BNP; brain natriuretic peptide.