Table 2.
Variables | Obstructive spirometry patterna | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | |||
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Smoking cessation status (years of cessation) | ||||
Never-smoker | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Ex-smoker (≥ 20) | 1.40 | (1.05 1.89) | 1.08 | (0.44 2.67) |
Ex-smoker (15–20) | 1.18 | (0.82 1.68) | 1.79 | (0.21 15.02) |
Ex-smoker (10–15) | 1.48 | (1.00 2.18) | 1.43 | (0.48 4.24) |
Ex-smoker (5–10) | 2.66 | (1.84 3.87) | 1.62 | (0.44 5.98) |
Ex-smoker (< 5) | 1.93 | (1.32 2.84) | 1.32 | (0.47 3.69) |
Current smoker | 3.15 | (2.32 4.29) | 2.60 | (1.59 4.23) |
Cumulative smoking exposure (pack-years) | ||||
< 20 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
20–30 | 1.28 | (1.02 1.62) | 1.20 | (0.42 3.43) |
> 30 | 1.47 | (1.20 1.80) | 1.00 | (0.35 2.85) |
Age (years) | 1.12 | (1.10 1.13) | 1.09 | (1.08 1.11) |
Education level | ||||
Middle school or less | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High school | 0.84 | (0.69 1.02) | 1.01 | (0.77 1.34) |
College or over | 0.82 | (0.64 1.05) | 0.98 | (0.66 1.45) |
Household income | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Mid-low | 1.08 | (0.86 1.37) | 0.92 | (0.70 1.21) |
Mid-high | 0.90 | (0.70 1.15) | 0.83 | (0.60 1.16) |
High | 0.91 | (0.69 1.21) | 0.76 | (0.53 1.09) |
Occupationb | ||||
White collar | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Pink collar | 1.12 | (0.79 1.58) | 1.41 | (0.80 2.48) |
Blue collar | 1.12 | (0.86 1.46) | 1.33 | (0.75 2.36) |
None/homemaker | 1.11 | (0.85 1.45) | 1.21 | (0.71 2.04) |
Residential area | ||||
Capital area | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Metropolitan area | 1.40 | (1.15 1.70) | 1.52 | (1.13 2.05) |
Rural | 1.39 | (1.14 1.69) | 1.50 | (1.13 1.99) |
High-risk drinking | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 0.96 | (0.78 1.18) | 1.25 | (0.68 2.30) |
Physical activity | ||||
Active | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Inactive | 0.80 | (0.69 0.92) | 1.06 | (0.85 1.32) |
Height (cm) | 1.04 | (1.03 1.06) | 1.05 | (1.03 1.07) |
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval.
aObstructive spirometry pattern was defined as an FEV1/FVC < 0.7.
bBased on the International Standard Classification Occupations codes.