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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Mar 22;80(8):989–996. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219682

Table 5.

Changes in Relative Steroid Metabolites per year in 292 Pre-Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Cases and 291 Controls for Metabolites with Differential Trajectories over Time – Stratified by Subject Sex

Time Group Pre-RA
Cases vs. Controls		 Interaction
Time*Pre-RA Status
Sub Pathway Name HMDB ID Sex β T p β G p β Intx p
Androsterone Glucuronides ±androsterone glucuronide HMDB0002829 Men 0.018 0.119 −0.143 0.075 −0.069 3.49E-04
Women 0.018 0.124 −0.535 5.70E-07 −0.084 0.001
Pregnenolone Steroids
 ±17-hydroxy-pregnenolone sulfate HMDB0000416 Men −0.047 0.017 −0.308 0.002 −0.056 0.087
Women −0.049 0.002 −0.447 8.15E-05 −0.119 0.001
pregnenolone sulfate HMDB0000774 Men 0.000 0.990 −0.364 1.27E-04 −0.064 0.010
Women 0.002 0.867 −0.391 3.37E-04 −0.071 0.030

p: p-value

βT: change in relative metabolite concentration per year in controls; βG: difference in relative metabolite concentration in pre-RA cases vs. controls; βIntx: change in βT per year given pre-RA case status, i.e. difference in rate of change in relative metabolite concentrations per year in pre-RA cases vs. controls

±

Preliminary IDs assigned to these metabolites

Models adjusted for age at blood draw, race, and included subject and match-pair specific random effects