Table 3.

Logistic Regressions Examining the Link Between Caregiver Status and Reduced Illness Self-Efficacy Since the COVID-19 Pandemic.

	Reduced Illness Self-Efficacy Since the Pandemic
	Step 1		Step 2
Predictors	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Caregiver status	1.22	0.73, 2.05	1.21	0.71, 2.06
Number of chronic conditions	0.99	0.89, 1.09	0.94	0.84, 1.05
Caregiver status X Number of conditions			1.39*	1.05, 1.84
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age in years	0.99	0.97, 1.02	0.99	0.96, 1.01
Gender (female)	1.09	0.70, 1.68	1.07	0.69, 1.66
Race/ethnicity (person of color)	0.66	0.39, 1.11	0.64	0.38, 1.08
Education (bachelor’s or higher)	1.30	0.86, 1.97	1.31	0.86, 1.98
Work status (currently working)	1.30	0.85, 2.00	1.24	0.81, 1.91
Marital status (spouse or cohabiting partner)	1.06	0.70, 1.63	1.04	0.68, 1.59
Household size	1.09	0.92, 1.29	1.10	0.92, 1.30
Health characteristics
Depression	1.58*	1.07, 2.35	1.55*	1.04, 2.30
Self-rated physical health	0.77*	0.60, 0.99	0.77*	0.60, 0.99
Functional limitations	1.00	0.95, 1.04	1.00	0.95, 1.05
Pain intensity	1.38**	1.14, 1.68	1.39**	1.14, 1.69
Pandemic-related stress
Perceived difficulty getting medication	1.93**	1.28, 2.92	1.90**	1.26, 2.87
Perceived difficulty getting routine care	1.51***	1.20, 1.90	1.50**	1.19, 1.89
Perceived financial strain	1.09	0.92, 1.29	1.10	0.92, 1.31
Total stressors	1.01	0.90, 1.14	1.01	0.90, 1.14
Behavioral and psychosocial changes since the pandemic
Reduced physical activity	1.91**	1.29, 2.81	1.94**	1.32, 2.87
A less healthy diet	1.38	0.91, 2.09	1.37	0.90, 2.08
Worse sleep quality	1.16	0.79, 1.70	1.14	0.77, 1.68
Increased anxiety symptoms	2.33***	1.60, 3.39	2.39***	1.63, 3.49
Reduced emotional support	1.24	0.80, 1.94	1.23	0.79, 1.92
−2 Log Likelihood	755.10		749.53
Change in −2 Log Likelihood			5.57*

Note. COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019.

N = 695 adults.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.