Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the full cohort (n = 524)
| Variable | N (%), or mean ± SD |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 74.7 ± 8.7 |
| Male | 302 (57.6) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 a | 27.4 ± 4.6 |
| Current smoking b | 72 (13.7) |
| Alcohol consumption ≥ 7 drinks/week c | 99 (18.9) |
| PPI use at inclusion | 441 (84.2) |
| Predefined risk factors | |
| Number of predefined risk factors, median [min-max] | 4 [3–9] |
| – Age ≥ 75 years | 318 (60.7) |
| – Women | 222 (42.4) |
| – Weight ≤ 60 kg | 60 (11.5) |
| – Diabetes mellitus | 186 (35.5) |
| – Hypertension | 448 (85.5) |
| – Anaemia | 204 (38.9) |
| – Renal dysfunction (MDRD-eGFR < 60) | 313 (59.7) |
| – Liver failure | 2 (0.4) |
| – History of gastric/duodenal ulcers | 61 (11.6) |
| – Previous major bleeding | 65 (12.4) |
| – Previous stroke | 138 (26.3) |
| – Use of NSAIDs | 21 (4.0) |
| – Use of SSRIs | 31 (5.9) |
| – Triple antithrombotic therapy | 71 (13.5) |
| – High-risk PCI | 47 (9.0) |
| Index PCI | |
| Acute coronary syndrome | 333 (63.5) |
| Elective procedure | 191 (36.5) |
| Radial access | 232 (44.3) |
| Number of stents | |
| – 0 (DEB, POBA, thrombolysis) | 29 (5.5) |
| – 1 | 352 (67.2) |
| – 2 | 98 (18.7) |
| – 3 | 45 (8.6) |
| Type of stent/procedure | |
| – DES | 490 (93.5) |
| – BMS | 4 (0.8) |
| – Absorb | 1 (0.2) |
| – Drug-eluting balloon | 12 (2.3) |
| – POBA +/− thrombus aspiration | 14 (2.7) |
| – Thrombolysis | 3 (0.6) |
| Cardiovascular history | |
| Prior PCI | 197 (37.6) |
| Prior CABG | 106 (20.2) |
| Prior Stroke | 138 (26.3) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 138 (26.3) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 76 (14.5) |
| Prior venous thromboembolism | 39 (7.4) |
| Previous history | |
| Active malignancy | 24 (4.6) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 61 (11.6) |
| Treatment at first study visit | |
| P2Y12 inhibitor | 524 (100.0) |
| – Clopidogrel | 388 (74.0) |
| – Prasugrel | 61 (11.6) |
| – Ticagrelor | 75 (14.3) |
| Aspirin | 392 (74.8) |
| Vitamin K antagonist | 91 (17.3) |
| DOAC | 68 (13.0) |
| – Apixaban | 20 (3.8) |
| – Rivaroxaban | 34 (6.5) |
| – Edoxaban | 4 (0.8) |
| – Dabigatran | 10 (1.9) |
| LMWH | 1 (0.2) |
| Dipyridamole | 2 (0.4) |
| Combination strategies | |
| Dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT) | 364 (69.4) |
| – For 6 months | 62 (11.8) |
| – For 12 months | 302 (57.6) |
| P2Y12 inhibitor with VKA/DOAC/LMWH | 89 (17.0) |
| Initial triple therapy f | 71 (13.5) |
| – For 1 month | 64 (12.2) |
| – For 3–6 months | 7 (1.4) |
| Laboratory test (reference range) | Mean +/− SD |
| Haemoglobin | |
| – Male (8.2–11.0 mmol/l) | 8.4 ± 1.1 |
| – Female (7.3–9.7 mmol/l) | 8.0 ± 0.9 |
| Haematocrit | |
| – Male (0.42–0.52 l/l) | 0.41 ± 0.05 |
| – Female (0.36–0.48 l/l) | 0.39 ± 0.04 |
| MCV (80–100 fl) | 91.7 ± 5.8 |
| Platelet count, (150–350 109/l) | 261 ± 78 |
| MPV (80–100 fl) | 10.3 ± 0.9 |
| PT (9.9–11.5 sec) g | 10.7 ± 0.5 |
| APTT (23–32 sec) g | 26.2 ± 2.1 |
| Fibrinogen (1.7–4.0 g/l) | 3.7 ± 0.9 |
| Creatinine (50–100 µmol/l) | 116.6 ± 74.9 |
| MDRD-eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 57.1 ± 21.0 |
| Platelet function test (cut-off values for LPR and HPR h) | |
| Multiplate ADP (19–46 AU) d | 47.7 ± 23.2 |
| LTA ADP (20–59% max aggr) e | 41.4 ± 16.5 |
| VerifyNow P2Y12 (85–208 PRU) a | 136.9 ± 84.7 |
PPI proton pump inhibitor, MDRD-eGFR Modification of Diet in Renal Disease—estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, SSRIs selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, DEB drug-eluting balloon, POBA plain old balloon angioplasty, DES drug-eluting stent, BMS bare metal stent CABG coronary artery bypass graft, DOAC direct oral anticoagulants, VKA vitamin K antagonist, LMWH low molecular weight heparin
amissing in 6 patients; bmissing in 3 patients; cmissing in 11 patients; dmissing in 8 patients; emissing in 9 patients; fTriple therapy consists of a P2Y12 inhibitor plus aspirin plus anticoagulants (VKA, DOAC, LWMH); gin 364 patients not on anticoagulants (VKA, DOAC, LMWH); hcut-off values according to consensus documents [13–15]