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. 2021 Sep 8;15:712578. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.712578

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Copyright © 2021 Saldanha, Urdaneta and Otto.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Implantation and behavioral paradigm. (A) Diagram of custom-made planar silicon microelectrode array (Lee et al., 2017), implanted in the primary somatosensory cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 6). (B) A conditioned-avoidance behavioral paradigm was used to measure ICMS detection thresholds. Rats were trained to briefly stop drinking after an ICMS stimulus was detected, and failure to stop drinking resulted in a small shock applied through the drinking spout. (C) Adaptation protocol for determining detection thresholds.