FIGURE 1.

FA alleviates CCl4-induced fibrotic injury in mice. Mice were received with CCl₄ (1 ml/kg) and different dosages (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) of FA by gavage. (A) Schematic diagram of in vivo experiments that linked FA with anti-fibrotic therapies. (B) ALT and AST levels in serum. (C) MDA and SOD levels in livers. (D) Measurement of the liver hydroxyproline. (E) Representative images of H & E, Masson’s Trichrome and FN staining. Scale bar = 100 μm. (F) Relative mRNA levels of Col1a1, Fn, Tgfb1 and Acta2 were determined by qPCR and normalized using Hprt1 as an internal control. (G) Representative immunoblots against COL1, FN, p-ERK1/2, t-ERK1/2, p-AMPK, t-AMPK and β-ACTIN were shown. Statistical significance: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, compared with control group; ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01, ^### p < 0.001, compared with CCl₄ group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc tests (n = 6).