FIGURE 2.

FA improves CCl4-induced oxidative stress and hepatic injury in MPHs. (A) A CCK-8 assay. (B, C, F and G) MPHs were pre-treated with FA at different concentrations for 1 h and then treated with CCl₄ (10 mM) for another 24 h (B) MDA and SOD levels in MPHs. (C) Representative images of immunofluorescent staining of ALB in MPHs. (D) MPHs were treated with 25 μM FA at different time points or different concentrations of FA for 24 h. (E) The pathway of AMPK and NOX2 involved in oxidative stress. (G) Representative images of ROS immunofluorescent staining in MPHs. (H) After pre-treated with CC (2 μM) or FA (25 μM) or both, MPHs were administrated with CCl₄ (10 mM) for another 2 h or 24 h (D, F and H) Representative immunoblots against p-AMPK, t-AMPK, p-LKB1, t-LKB1, p-ERK1/2, t-ERK1/2, NOX2 and β-ACTIN were shown. Statistical significance: **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, compared with control group; ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01, ^### p < 0.001, compared with CCl₄ group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc tests (n = 3).