FIGURE 6.

FA directly inhibits PTP1B activity but MF doesn’t affect PTP1B and AMPK signalings in different liver cells. (A) Inhibition of the catalytic activity of PTP1B by FA was shown. (B) LX-2 cells were treated with 25 μM FA for 24 h. Immunoprecipitation using monoclonal anti-PTP1B or IgG, followed by western blot analysis using rabbit polyclonal anti-p-AMPK and t-AMPK. 10% input was prepared as a positive control and ß-ACTIN was used as a loading control. (C) Chemical structures of FA and MF. (D) Representative images for the binding mode of MF and PTP1B. (E) Inhibition of the catalytic activity of PTP1B by MF was shown. (F and H) MPHs, LX-2 cells and (G) RAW cells were treated with 25 or 100 μM MF at different time points. (F-H) Representative immunoblots against p-AMPK, t-AMPK, PTP1B and ß-ACTIN were shown. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc tests (n = 3).