Figure 7.

The “vascular lock effect” in reversible conditions. Electroporation induces vasoconstriction, reduce blood flow, and structural changes to tight endothelial cell junctions between 0 and ≈2 h after application. The gaps allow paracellular permeability of ions (i.e., cytotoxic agents) to reach the tumour and extracellular space. ≈8–12 h post application, the vessel is able to gradually recover its shape and function and full recovery is typically evident within 24 h. Created with BioRender.com.