Mahmood 1995.

Methods	Numbered, sealed opaque envelopes with allocation from table of random numbers.
Participants	260 women with singleton uncomplicated pregnancy, cephalic presentation, favourable cervix (Bishop's score 6 or more)
Interventions	2 groups: Amniotomy alone ‐ reviewed in 4 hours and oxytocin infusion commenced if not contracting or no cervical change. Vaginal prostaglandin E2 gel (primips 2 mg, multips 1 mg) ‐ reviewed at 4 hours for amniotomy or sooner if requested analgesia or if spontaneous ROM. Oxytocin infusion 2 hours later if uterine activity not established.
Outcomes	Primary: uterine hyperstimulation with FHR changes; caesarean section. Secondary: oxytocin augmentation; uterine hyperstimulation without FHR changes; epidural analgesia; instrumental vaginal delivery; meconium stained liquor; neonatal intensive care admission; perinatal death; maternal side effects (intrapartum pyrexia), postpartum haemorrhage. Not prespecified: antibiotics to baby.
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	A ‐ Adequate

IUGR: intrauterine growth retardation 
 ROM: rupture of membranes 
 FHR: fetal heart rate 
 SD: standard deviation