Fig. 2.

Evaluation of the effect of TY-1 on influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) proteins. Dextrin (Dex) and TY-1 were mixed with a solution containing purified IAV and stored at 25 °C for 48 h. a The viral titer of the mixture was evaluated. The results are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3 per group). b The hemagglutination titer of the mixture was evaluated. The results are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3 per group). Student’s t test was performed to analyze statistical differences between the dextrin and TY-1 groups: ***p < 0.001. c Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) staining of the gel from sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). 2-Me: 2-mercaptoethanol, M: Marker. d Results of western blotting (WB) to detect IAV HA proteins. c, d To evaluate the bands of HA0 or HA1/HA2, SDS-PAGE without or with 2-Me was performed, respectively. The results are representatives of three individual experiments