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. 2021 Sep 7;22(5):1270. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10705

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Copyright: © Jiang et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Synthesis and Secretion of GDF15. (A) GDF15 gene that is located on the chromosome 19p13.1-13.2 genomic locus can produce a mRNA of 1239 BP. And the mRNA is translated into a 308 amino acid polypeptide, which includes signal peptide, pro-peptide region and a mature region. Then the mature domain is separated from the propeptide region by a furin-like convertase. (B) After transcription, translation and processing, GDF15 (yellow circle) is formed into a 62-kDa protein, which is transported into the circulation through vesicles. In addition, the unprocessed GDF15 can also be directly secreted to bind to ECM. After hydrolysis by metalloenzymes or pro-convertases, GDF15 enters the circulation from ECM. GDF15, growth differentiation factor-15; ECM, extracellular matrix.